Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012 Oct;45(5):545-52. doi: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000500002.
The human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus identified. The virus is transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of contaminated needles or syringes and from mother to child, mainly through breastfeeding. In addition to the well-known association between HTLV-1 and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), several diseases and neurologic manifestations have been associated with the virus. This review was conducted through a PubMed search of the terms HTLV-1, immune response and neurological diseases. Emphasis was given to the most recent data regarding pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HTLV-1 infection. The aim of the review is to analyze the immune response and the variety of neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-1 infection. A total of 102 articles were reviewed. The literature shows that a large percentage of HTLV-1 infected individuals have others neurological symptoms than HAM/TSP. Increased understanding of these numerous others clinical manifestations associated to the virus than adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HAM/TSP has challenged the view that HTLV-1 is a low morbidity infection.
人类 T 淋巴细胞白血病病毒 1 型（HTLV-1）是最早被发现的人类逆转录病毒。该病毒通过性接触、输血、共用污染的针头或注射器以及母婴垂直传播（主要通过母乳喂养）传播。除了众所周知的 HTLV-1 与 HTLV-1 相关性脊髓病/热带痉挛性截瘫（HAM/TSP）之间的关联外，该病毒还与多种疾病和神经表现有关。本综述通过在 PubMed 上检索 HTLV-1、免疫反应和神经疾病这几个术语进行。重点关注 HTLV-1 感染的发病机制和临床表现的最新数据。本综述旨在分析与 HTLV-1 感染相关的免疫反应和多种神经表现。共审查了 102 篇文章。文献表明，大量 HTLV-1 感染个体除了 HAM/TSP 之外还有其他神经系统症状。对这些除了成人 T 细胞白血病/淋巴瘤（ATLL）和 HAM/TSP 之外的与病毒相关的大量其他临床表现的认识不断提高，挑战了 HTLV-1 是一种低发病率感染的观点。
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