Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada.
J Neurol Sci. 2013 Jan 15;324(1-2):10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.10.021. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that environmental factors such as infections, smoking and vitamin D are associated with the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Some of these factors also play a role in the MS disease course. We are currently beginning to understand how environmental factors may impact immune function in MS on a cellular and molecular level. Here we review epidemiological, clinical and basic immunological studies on the environmental factors, viral and parasitic infections, smoking, and vitamin D and relate epidemiological findings with their likely pathophysiology in MS.
流行病学和临床研究表明,感染、吸烟和维生素 D 等环境因素与多发性硬化症(MS)的发病风险有关。其中一些因素也在 MS 病程中发挥作用。我们目前开始了解环境因素如何在细胞和分子水平上影响 MS 中的免疫功能。在此,我们回顾了有关环境因素、病毒和寄生虫感染、吸烟以及维生素 D 的流行病学、临床和基础免疫学研究,并将流行病学发现与其在 MS 中的可能病理生理学联系起来。