Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands.
Hum Factors. 2012 Oct;54(5):786-98. doi: 10.1177/0018720812443984.
OBJECTIVE: Haptic shared control was investigated as a human-machine interface that can intuitively share control between drivers and an automatic controller for curve negotiation. BACKGROUND: As long as automation systems are not fully reliable, a role remains for the driver to be vigilant to the system and the environment to catch any automation errors. The conventional binary switches between supervisory and manual control has many known issues, and haptic shared control is a promising alternative. METHOD: A total of 42 respondents of varying age and driving experience participated in a driving experiment in a fixed-base simulator, in which curve negotiation behavior during shared control was compared to during manual control, as well as to three haptic tunings of an automatic controller without driver intervention. RESULTS: Under the experimental conditions studied, the main beneficial effect of haptic shared control compared to manual control was that less control activity (16% in steering wheel reversal rate, 15% in standard deviation of steering wheel angle) was needed for realizing an improved safety performance (e.g., 11% in peak lateral error). Full automation removed the need for any human control activity and improved safety performance (e.g., 35% in peak lateral error) but put the human in a supervisory position. CONCLUSION: Haptic shared control kept the driver in the loop, with enhanced performance at reduced control activity, mitigating the known issues that plague full automation. APPLICATION: Haptic support for vehicular control ultimately seeks to intuitively combine human intelligence and creativity with the benefits of automation systems.
目的:触觉共享控制作为一种人机界面,可在驾驶员和自动控制器之间直观地共享曲线行驶的控制权,因此受到了研究。
背景:只要自动化系统不是完全可靠的,驾驶员就需要保持警惕,随时注意系统和环境,以发现任何自动化错误。传统的监督和手动控制之间的二进制开关存在许多已知问题,而触觉共享控制是一种很有前途的替代方法。
方法:共有 42 名不同年龄和驾驶经验的受访者参加了固定基地模拟器中的驾驶实验,比较了在共享控制和手动控制期间的曲线行驶行为,以及在没有驾驶员干预的情况下,自动控制器的三种触觉调谐。
结果:在所研究的实验条件下,与手动控制相比,触觉共享控制的主要有益效果是,实现更好的安全性能所需的控制活动更少(方向盘反转率减少 16%,方向盘角度标准差减少 15%)。完全自动化消除了任何人为控制活动的需要,并提高了安全性(例如,横向最大误差减少 35%),但将人置于监督地位。
结论:触觉共享控制使驾驶员保持在回路中,以降低控制活动的方式提高性能,减轻困扰完全自动化的已知问题。
应用:车辆控制的触觉支持最终旨在直观地将人类的智能和创造力与自动化系统的优势结合起来。
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