Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, The McCaughey Centre, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013 Aug;41(4):345-52. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12019. Epub 2012 Nov 17.
This study sought to advance understanding of the influence of psychosocial factors on oral health by examining how parental self-efficacy (with regard to acting on their child's oral health needs) and oral health knowledge relate to parental and child oral health behaviors and self-rated oral health.
Parents of children in grades 0/1 and 5/6 (n = 804) and children in grades 5/6 (n = 377, mean age 11.5 ± 1.0, 53.9% female) were recruited from a stratified random sample of 11 primary (elementary) schools. Participants completed surveys capturing psychosocial factors, oral health-related knowledge, and parental attitudes about oral health. Parents also rated their own oral health status and the oral health of their child. Correlations and logistic regression analysis (adjusted for socioeconomic status, child age, and gender) examined associations between psychosocial factors and the outcomes of interest (parent and child behaviors and self-rated oral health status).
Higher parental self-efficacy was associated with more frequent toothbrushing (by parent and child), and more frequent visits to a dental professional. These associations were particularly strong with regard to dental visits for children, with parents with the highest tertile for self-efficacy 4.3 times more likely to report that their child attended a dentist for a checkup at least once a year (95%CI 2.52-7.43); and 3 times more likely to report their child brushing their teeth at least twice a day (Adjusted Odds Ratio 3.04, 95%CI 1.64-5.64) compared with those parents in the lowest tertile for self-efficacy. No associations with oral health knowledge were found when examined by tertile of increasing knowledge.
Oral health self-efficacy and knowledge are potentially modifiable risk factors of oral health outcomes, and these findings suggest that intervening on these factors could help foster positive dental health habits in families.
本研究旨在通过考察父母自我效能感（在满足孩子口腔健康需求方面的行为）和口腔健康知识与父母和儿童口腔健康行为以及自我报告的口腔健康状况之间的关系，来深入了解社会心理因素对口腔健康的影响。
从 11 所小学的分层随机样本中招募了处于 0/1 年级和 5/6 年级（n=804）以及 5/6 年级（n=377，平均年龄 11.5±1.0，53.9%为女性）的儿童的父母和儿童。参与者完成了调查，调查内容包括社会心理因素、口腔健康相关知识以及父母对口腔健康的态度。父母还对自己的口腔健康状况和孩子的口腔健康状况进行了评估。相关性和逻辑回归分析（调整了社会经济地位、儿童年龄和性别）检验了社会心理因素与感兴趣的结果（父母和儿童行为以及自我报告的口腔健康状况）之间的关联。
父母自我效能感越高，其自身和孩子的刷牙频率越高，去看牙医的频率也越高。对于儿童的牙科就诊情况，这些关联尤为显著，自我效能感最高的三分之一的父母，其孩子每年至少去看一次牙医进行检查的可能性是自我效能感最低的三分之一的父母的 4.3 倍（95%CI 2.52-7.43）；报告孩子每天至少刷牙两次的可能性是自我效能感最低的三分之一的父母的 3 倍（调整后的优势比 3.04，95%CI 1.64-5.64）。当按知识增加的三分位数进行检查时，没有发现与口腔健康知识相关的关联。
口腔健康自我效能感和知识是口腔健康结果的潜在可改变的危险因素，这些发现表明干预这些因素可以帮助家庭养成积极的口腔健康习惯。
