54N5 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
Nat Rev Urol. 2013 Jan;10(1):49-54. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.192. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer are among the most common diseases of the prostate gland and represent significant burdens for patients and health-care systems in many countries. The two diseases share traits such as hormone-dependent growth and response to antiandrogen therapy. Furthermore, risk factors such as prostate inflammation and metabolic disruption have key roles in the development of both diseases. Despite these commonalities, BPH and prostate cancer exhibit important differences in terms of histology and localization. Although large-scale epidemiological studies have shown that men with BPH have an increased risk of prostate cancer and prostate-cancer-related mortality, it remains unclear whether this association reflects a causal link, shared risk factors or pathophysiological mechanisms, or detection bias upon statistical analysis. Establishing BPH as a causal factor for prostate cancer development could improve the accuracy of prognostication and expedite intervention, potentially reducing the number of men who die from prostate cancer.
良性前列腺增生（BPH）和前列腺癌是前列腺最常见的疾病之一，在许多国家给患者和医疗系统带来了巨大负担。这两种疾病具有一些共同特征，如激素依赖性生长和对抗雄激素治疗的反应。此外，前列腺炎症和代谢紊乱等风险因素在这两种疾病的发展中起着关键作用。尽管如此，BPH 和前列腺癌在组织学和定位方面仍存在重要差异。尽管大规模的流行病学研究表明，患有 BPH 的男性患前列腺癌和与前列腺癌相关的死亡率风险增加，但目前尚不清楚这种关联是反映因果关系、共同风险因素或病理生理机制，还是在统计分析时的检测偏差。将 BPH 确立为前列腺癌发展的因果因素，可以提高预后的准确性并加快干预速度，从而可能减少死于前列腺癌的男性人数。
