Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Jan;69(1):3-6. doi: 10.1002/ps.3423. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
Epitrix tuberis and E. cucumeris are major pests of potatoes in North America. E. tuberis causes the most serious damage because the larval feeding can cause superficial serpentine tunnelling on the surface of tubers as well as deeper pits. This damage can make crops unmarketable. By contrast, E. cucumeris mainly damages the foliage, and yield losses can occur when the adults reach high densities. In 2004, potato tuber damage characteristic of E. tuberis was seen in Portugal. In 2008, damage was more widespread and severe. E. cucumeris and a lesser known species, E. similaris, were recorded in affected fields. E. similaris has since been found across Galicia, Spain. E. similaris is thought to be the most likely cause of the tuber damage in Portugal, but it is possible that E. cucumeris or an as yet undetected Epitrix species is causing the damage. In 2010, a pest risk assessment for the Euro-Mediterranean area identified the movement of adults and pupae with seed or ware potatoes and associated soil as being the highest-risk pathways for the spread of Epitrix. In 2012, EU emergency measures were agreed to reduce the risk of further introductions and the rate of spread of these pests.
欧洲榆叶甲和榆绿毛萤叶甲是北美的马铃薯主要害虫。欧洲榆叶甲造成的危害最为严重，因为幼虫的取食会导致马铃薯表面出现浅层的蛇形隧道，以及更深的凹坑。这种损害会使作物变得没有市场价值。相比之下，榆绿毛萤叶甲主要损害叶片，当成虫密度达到较高水平时，可能会导致产量损失。2004 年，在葡萄牙发现了具有欧洲榆叶甲特征的马铃薯块茎损伤。2008 年，损害更为广泛和严重。在受影响的田地中记录到了榆绿毛萤叶甲和一种不太知名的物种，E. similaris。此后，E. similaris 在西班牙加利西亚地区被发现。E. similaris 被认为是葡萄牙块茎损伤的最可能原因，但也有可能是榆绿毛萤叶甲或尚未发现的榆叶甲物种造成了这种损害。2010 年，对欧洲-地中海地区的害虫风险评估确定，成虫和蛹随种薯或商品薯以及相关土壤的移动是榆叶甲传播的最高风险途径。2012 年，欧盟达成了紧急措施，以降低进一步传入和这些害虫传播速度的风险。
