Liu Ru-Liang, Li You-Hong, Zhang Ai-Ping, Wang Fang, Zhao Tian-Cheng, Chen Chen, Hong Yu, Yang Zheng-Li
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment and Climate Change, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2012 Jul;23(7):1853-60.
By using seeding-box total fertilization technology, a two-year field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying medium rate of controlled-release urea fertilizer (MN, 80 kg N x hm(-2)), high rate of controlled-release urea fertilizer (HN, 120 kg N x hm(-2)), and conventional urea fertilizer (FP, 300 kg N x hm(-2)) on rice yield and nitrogen loss. As compared with FP, HN did not decrease rice yield significantly, and MN and HN increased the two-year average nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 26.2% and 20.7%, respectively (the NUE in treatment FP was 33.2%). In treatment FP, the total N concentration in surface water peaked after 1-3 days of urea application; while in treatments MN and HN, the total N concentration in surfate water peaked after 7-9 days of urea application, and was significantly lower than that in treatment FP throughout the rice growth period. The nitrogen leaching loss in treatment FP mainly occurred at tillering stage, while that in treatments MN and HN delayed to tillering-flowering stage. In all treatments, the NO3(-)-N loss accounted for 59.7% - 64.2% of the total N loss. HN decreased the total N leaching loss by 51.8%, as compared with FP.
通过使用播种箱全层施肥技术，进行了为期两年的田间小区试验，以研究施用中量控释尿素（MN，80 kg N·hm⁻²）、高量控释尿素（HN，120 kg N·hm⁻²）和常规尿素（FP，300 kg N·hm⁻²）对水稻产量和氮素损失的影响。与FP相比，HN并未显著降低水稻产量，MN和HN使两年平均氮肥利用率（NUE）分别提高了26.2%和20.7%（FP处理的NUE为33.2%）。在FP处理中，尿素施用后1 - 3天地表水总氮浓度达到峰值；而在MN和HN处理中，地表水总氮浓度在尿素施用后7 - 9天达到峰值，且在整个水稻生育期均显著低于FP处理。FP处理的氮素淋失损失主要发生在分蘖期，而MN和HN处理的氮素淋失损失延迟至分蘖 - 开花期。在所有处理中，NO₃⁻ - N损失占总氮损失的59.7% - 64.2%。与FP相比，HN使总氮淋失损失降低了51.8%。
