成年脑的神经发生:造血前增殖中心可直接进入脑和干细胞龛。

Adult neurogenesis in the crayfish brain: the hematopoietic anterior proliferation center has direct access to the brain and stem cell niche.

机构信息

Neuroscience Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, USA.

出版信息

Stem Cells Dev. 2013 Apr 1;22(7):1027-41. doi: 10.1089/scd.2012.0583. Epub 2013 Jan 18.

Abstract

Neuronal stem cells residing in a niche on the surface of the adult crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) brain are not self-renewing. However, the neuronal precursors in the niche are not depleted despite continued neurogenesis and the exit of precursor cells from the niche throughout the organism's life. The neurogenic niche is therefore not a closed system, and we have previously proposed that the stem cell pool is replenished from the hematopoietic system. Noonin et al. (2012) demonstrated that the hematopoietic system in the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus includes an anterior proliferation center (APC) lying near the brain; they suggest that multipotent stem cells are concentrated in this region, and that the APC may provide neuronal stem cells for adult neurogenesis. The present study extends this work by describing the location and cellular organization of hematopoietic tissues in P. clarkii. We find that the APC lies within the cor frontale, or auxiliary heart, which pumps hemolymph to the brain and eyes through the cerebral and ophthalmic arteries, respectively. Vascular extensions of the cerebral artery converge on the neurogenic niche. APC cells lie in layered sheets within the cor frontale and form rosette-like structures reminiscent of stem cells in other developing tissues. We confirm here that APC cells in P. clarkii have characteristics of multipotent stem cells, and that their location within the cor frontale allows direct access to regions in the central nervous system in which adult neurogenesis occurs.

摘要

位于成年小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii)大脑表面龛位上的神经干细胞不是自我更新的。然而,尽管神经发生和前体细胞从龛位中不断离开整个生物体的生命周期,龛位中的神经前体细胞并没有耗尽。因此,神经发生龛位不是一个封闭的系统,我们之前曾提出干细胞池是由造血系统补充的。Noonin 等人(2012 年)证明,小龙虾 Pacifastacus leniusculus 的造血系统包括位于大脑附近的前增殖中心(APC);他们认为多能干细胞集中在该区域,并且 APC 可能为成年神经发生提供神经元干细胞。本研究通过描述 P. clarkii 中造血组织的位置和细胞组织进一步扩展了这项工作。我们发现 APC 位于 cor frontale 内,或辅助心脏,通过脑动脉和眼动脉分别将血淋巴泵送到大脑和眼睛。脑动脉的血管延伸汇聚到神经发生龛位。APC 细胞位于 cor frontale 的分层薄片中,并形成类似于其他发育组织中的干细胞的玫瑰花结样结构。我们在这里证实 P. clarkii 的 APC 细胞具有多能干细胞的特征,并且它们在 cor frontale 内的位置允许直接进入发生成年神经发生的中枢神经系统区域。

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