人类 DNA 复制起始点的全基因组图谱绘制:ORC1 位点的转录水平调节着起始点选择和复制时间。
Genome-wide mapping of human DNA-replication origins: levels of transcription at ORC1 sites regulate origin selection and replication timing.
机构信息
Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy.
出版信息
Genome Res. 2013 Jan;23(1):1-11. doi: 10.1101/gr.142331.112. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
We report the genome-wide mapping of ORC1 binding sites in mammals, by chromatin immunoprecipitation and parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq). ORC1 binding sites in HeLa cells were validated as active DNA replication origins (ORIs) using Repli-seq, a method that allows identification of ORI-containing regions by parallel sequencing of temporally ordered replicating DNA. ORC1 sites were universally associated with transcription start sites (TSSs) of coding or noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Transcription levels at the ORC1 sites directly correlated with replication timing, suggesting the existence of two classes of ORIs: those associated with moderate/high transcription levels (≥1 RNA copy/cell), firing in early S and mapping to the TSSs of coding RNAs; and those associated with low transcription levels (<1 RNA copy/cell), firing throughout the entire S and mapping to TSSs of ncRNAs. These findings are compatible with a scenario whereby TSS expression levels influence the efficiency of ORC1 recruitment at G(1) and the probability of firing during S.
我们通过染色质免疫沉淀和并行测序(ChIP-seq)报告了哺乳动物中 ORC1 结合位点的全基因组图谱。使用 Repli-seq 方法验证了 HeLa 细胞中 ORC1 结合位点是活跃的 DNA 复制起点(ORIs),该方法通过对按时间顺序复制的 DNA 进行平行测序,可以鉴定包含 ORI 的区域。ORC1 位点普遍与编码或非编码 RNA(ncRNA)的转录起始位点(TSS)相关。ORC1 位点的转录水平与复制时间直接相关,这表明存在两类 ORIs:与中等/高转录水平(≥1 个 RNA 拷贝/细胞)相关的 ORIs,在 S 期早期启动,并且与编码 RNA 的 TSS 相关;与低转录水平(<1 个 RNA 拷贝/细胞)相关的 ORIs,在整个 S 期启动,并且与 ncRNA 的 TSS 相关。这些发现与 TSS 表达水平影响 G1 期 ORC1 募集效率以及 S 期启动概率的情况相兼容。