Karimli Leyla, Ssewamala Fred M, Ismayilova Leyla
Columbia University School of Social Work.
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012 Jul;34(7):1351-1358. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.03.015.
To understand the role of extended family in responding to problems of AID-orphaned children and adolescents in Uganda, the study examines who are the primary caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children and adolescents, what are the types of caregiving provided to orphans and whether the quality of caregiving varies by the primary caregiver's gender and type. METHODS: The study uses bivariate analyses and mixed effects models utilizing baseline data from a cluster randomized experimental design including 283 orphaned adolescents in Uganda. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a generally dominating role of female caregivers for both single and double orphans. In the absence of biological parents - as in the case of double orphans - grandparents' role as caregivers prevail. On average, the study participants indicated receiving the high level of perceived caregiver support: the average score of 3.56 out of 4 (95% CI=3.5, 3.65). Results of mixed effect models (adjusting for school effects) revealed significant differences in perceived caregiver support by caregiver's gender. Compared to their male counterparts, female participants with whom the child/adolescent lives (B=0.22, 95% CI=0.11, 0.34) and women who are currently taking care of a child/adolescent (B=0.15, 95% CI=0.05, 0.26) provide greater caregiver support as perceived and reported by a child/adolescent. Similarly, female financiers - compared to male source of financial support - provide greater caregiver support as perceived and reported by a child/adolescent (B=0.16, 95% CI=0.04, 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that extended families are still holding up as an important source of care and support for AIDS orphaned children and adolescents in Uganda. The findings support the argument about importance of matrilineal and grandparental care for AIDS orphans.
为了解乌干达大家庭在应对艾滋病致孤儿童和青少年问题中所起的作用，本研究调查了艾滋病致孤儿童和青少年的主要照料者是谁、为孤儿提供的照料类型有哪些，以及照料质量是否因主要照料者的性别和类型而有所不同。方法：本研究采用双变量分析和混合效应模型，利用来自乌干达一项整群随机实验设计的基线数据，该设计纳入了283名孤儿青少年。结果：分析显示，女性照料者在单亲孤儿和双亲孤儿的照料中普遍占据主导地位。在没有亲生父母的情况下——如双亲孤儿的情况——祖父母作为照料者的角色更为突出。平均而言，研究参与者表示感受到较高水平的照料者支持：平均得分为3.56分（满分4分，95%置信区间=3.5, 3.65）。混合效应模型（对学校效应进行调整）的结果显示，照料者的性别在感知到的照料者支持方面存在显著差异。与男性照料者相比，与儿童/青少年生活在一起的女性参与者（B=0.22, 95%置信区间=0.11, 0.34）以及目前正在照料儿童/青少年的女性（B=0.15, 95%置信区间=0.05, 0.26），在儿童/青少年所感知和报告的照料者支持方面提供了更多支持。同样，与男性经济资助来源相比，女性资助者在儿童/青少年所感知和报告的照料者支持方面提供了更多支持（B=0.16, 95%置信区间=0.04, 0.3）。结论：我们的研究结果表明，在乌干达，大家庭仍然是艾滋病致孤儿童和青少年重要的照料和支持来源。这些发现支持了关于母系和祖父母照料对艾滋病孤儿重要性的观点。
