Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine & Public Health, Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, ISPUP, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012 Nov 28;12:114. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-114.
During the past 30 years, Portugal has been described as one of the countries with highest median blood pressure levels in Europe, but the incidence of hypertension is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of hypertension, according to socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles.
A population-based cohort of randomly selected dwellers from Porto, Portugal, aged ≥ 18 years, was assembled in 1999-2003 (EPIPorto study) and 796 hypertension-free individuals (62.6% women) were reassessed after a median of 3.8 years. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive drug therapy. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression.
The overall incidence rate was 47.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 40.5-55.5] per 1000 person-years. Among women, the incidence was 43.4 (35.6-53.1) and among men 52.7 (41.3-68.0) per 1000 person-years. The incidence was lower in women up to 60 years and much higher among women above 60 (110.0 vs. 64.4 per 1000 person-years among men, p for age-sex interaction = 0.032). Participants with higher education had a lower risk of becoming hypertensive (≥ 13 years vs. ≤ 4 years: RR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.46-1.08, p for linear trend <0.001), independently of age and sex. Overweight and obesity were associated with a 1.67-fold and 2.44-fold increased risk of hypertension, respectively, independently of age, sex and education.
In this urban Portuguese population the incidence rate of hypertension was high, with new cases occurring predominantly among older subjects, the less educated and those with overweight-obesity. Despite recent progresses in blood pressure related outcomes, the risk of hypertension remains higher in Portugal than in other developed countries.
在过去的 30 年中，葡萄牙被描述为欧洲血压水平最高的国家之一，但高血压的发病率尚不清楚。本研究的目的是根据社会人口特征和生活方式估计高血压的发病率。
1999-2003 年，我们在葡萄牙波尔图组建了一个基于人群的随机居住者队列，年龄≥18 岁（EPIPorto 研究），并在中位随访 3.8 年后重新评估了 796 名无高血压个体（62.6%为女性）。高血压定义为血压≥140/90mmHg 和/或使用抗高血压药物治疗。使用泊松回归估计发病率比（IRR）。
总体发病率为 47.3[95%置信区间（95%CI）：40.5-55.5] / 1000 人年。女性的发病率为 43.4（35.6-53.1），男性为 52.7（41.3-68.0）/ 1000 人年。女性在 60 岁以下的发病率较低，而在 60 岁以上的发病率则高得多（110.0 vs. 64.4 / 1000 人年，性别与年龄交互作用的 p 值为 0.032）。接受更高教育的参与者患高血压的风险较低（≥13 年 vs. ≤4 年：RR=0.70，95%CI，0.46-1.08，p 值<0.001，线性趋势），独立于年龄和性别。超重和肥胖与高血压的风险分别增加 1.67 倍和 2.44 倍，独立于年龄、性别和教育。
在这个葡萄牙城市人群中，高血压的发病率很高，新发病例主要发生在年龄较大的人群、受教育程度较低的人群和超重肥胖的人群中。尽管血压相关结果最近有所进展，但葡萄牙的高血压风险仍然高于其他发达国家。
