Sawamoto Kazunobu
Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2012;52(11):939-41. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.52.939.
Currently, there is no effective treatment for the neuronal loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or ischemic stroke. However, recent studies have shown that endogenous neural progenitor cells continuously generate new neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. Some of these new neurons migrate to the injured site and differentiate into mature neurons. Such new neurons may be able to replace degenerated neurons and improve or repair neurological deficits. To establish a neuroregenerative therapy using this endogenous system, endogenous regulatory mechanisms must be understood. Here, we review current knowledge on the generation of new neurons in the adult brain and discuss their potential for use in replacing neurons lost to neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, and to ischemic stroke.
目前,对于诸如肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)或缺血性中风等神经退行性疾病所导致的神经元损失,尚无有效的治疗方法。然而,最近的研究表明,成年哺乳动物大脑的脑室下区(SVZ)中内源性神经祖细胞持续生成新的神经元。其中一些新神经元迁移至损伤部位并分化为成熟神经元。这些新神经元或许能够替代退化的神经元,改善或修复神经功能缺损。为了利用这一内源性系统建立神经再生疗法,必须了解内源性调节机制。在此,我们综述了有关成年大脑中新神经元生成的现有知识,并讨论了它们在替代因神经退行性疾病(包括ALS)和缺血性中风而损失的神经元方面的应用潜力。