Nakaguchi Kanako, Masuda Hiroshi, Kaneko Naoko, Sawamoto Kazunobu
Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
Neurol Res Int. 2011;2011:898012. doi: 10.1155/2011/898012. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
Currently, there is no effective treatment for the marked neuronal loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) or ischemic stroke. However, recent studies have shown that new neurons are continuously generated by endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain, including the human brain. Because some of these new neurons migrate to the injured striatum and differentiate into mature neurons, such new neurons may be able to replace degenerated neurons and improve or repair neurological deficits. To establish a neuroregenerative therapy using this endogenous system, endogenous regulatory mechanisms that can be co-opted for efficient regenerative interventions must be understood, along with any potential drawbacks. Here, we review current knowledge on the generation of new neurons in the adult brain and discuss their potential for use in replacing striatal neurons lost to neurodegenerative diseases, including HD, and to ischemic stroke.
目前，对于由神经退行性疾病（如亨廷顿舞蹈症（HD）或缺血性中风）导致的显著神经元损失，尚无有效的治疗方法。然而，最近的研究表明，成年哺乳动物大脑（包括人类大脑）的脑室下区（SVZ）中的内源性神经干细胞会持续产生新的神经元。由于其中一些新神经元会迁移至受损的纹状体并分化为成熟神经元，因此这类新神经元或许能够替代退化的神经元，并改善或修复神经功能缺损。为了利用这一内源性系统建立神经再生疗法，必须了解可用于高效再生干预的内源性调节机制以及任何潜在的缺陷。在此，我们综述了有关成人大脑中新神经元生成的现有知识，并讨论了它们在替代因神经退行性疾病（包括HD）和缺血性中风而损失的纹状体神经元方面的应用潜力。
