Ohbu Sadayoshi
Department of Sociology, Rikkyo University.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2012;52(11):1024-6. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.52.1024.
What is a profession? According to Cruess, it is an occupation whose core element is work that is based on the mastery of a complex body of knowledge and skills. It is a vocation in which knowledge of some department of science or learning, or the practice of an art founded on it, is used in the service of others. Its members profess a commitment to competence, integrity, morality, altruism, and the promotion of the public good within their domain. These commitments form the basis of a social contract between a profession and society, which in return grants the profession autonomy in practice and the privilege of self-regulation. Although medical professionals share the role of healer, there are wide variations between individuals. Professionalism is the basis of medicine's contract with society. Public trust is essential to that contract, and public trust depends on the integrity of both individual professionals and the whole profession. The introduction to this important symposium includes definitions of professions and of medical professionalism. It also includes discussions of reciprocal altruism, conflicts of interest in medical societies, the theory of cognitive dissonance, and the moral foundations of professionalism.
什么是职业？根据克鲁斯的说法，职业是一种以掌握复杂的知识和技能体系为基础工作的职业。它是一种将某一科学或学术领域的知识，或基于该知识的一门艺术的实践用于为他人服务的职业。其成员宣称致力于在其领域内具备能力、正直、道德、利他主义以及促进公共利益。这些承诺构成了职业与社会之间社会契约的基础，作为回报，社会赋予该职业在实践中的自主权和自我监管的特权。尽管医学专业人员都承担着治疗者的角色，但个体之间存在很大差异。专业精神是医学与社会契约的基础。公众信任对于该契约至关重要，而公众信任取决于个体专业人员和整个职业的正直。本次重要研讨会的引言包括职业和医学专业精神的定义。它还包括对互惠利他主义、医学协会中的利益冲突、认知失调理论以及专业精神的道德基础的讨论。
