University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 740 South Limestone, K302, Kentucky Clinic, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2012 Dec 1;86(11):1027-34; quiz 1010-2.
Hepatitis A is a common viral illness worldwide, although the incidence in the United States has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, and there are occasional outbreaks through food sources. Young children are usually asymptomatic, although the likelihood of symptoms tends to increase with age. Most patients recover within two months of infection, although 10 to 15 percent of patients will experience a relapse in the first six months. Hepatitis A virus does not usually result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend routine vaccination of all children 12 to 23 months of age, as well as certain vulnerable populations. Hepatitis A vaccine is also recommended for most cases of postexposure prophylaxis, although immunoglobulin is an acceptable alternative in some situations.
甲型肝炎是一种在全球范围内常见的病毒性疾病，尽管近年来由于免疫接种范围的扩大，美国的发病率有所下降。甲型肝炎病毒通过粪-口途径传播，偶尔也会通过食物源引起暴发。幼儿通常无症状，但随着年龄的增长，出现症状的可能性会增加。大多数患者在感染后两个月内康复，尽管 10%至 15%的患者在头六个月内会复发。甲型肝炎病毒通常不会导致慢性感染或慢性肝病。支持性治疗是治疗的主要方法。疾病控制和预防中心以及美国儿科学会建议对所有 12 至 23 个月大的儿童以及某些易感人群进行常规疫苗接种。甲型肝炎疫苗也推荐用于大多数接触后预防病例，尽管在某些情况下免疫球蛋白是一种可接受的替代方法。
