Applied Mycology Unit, Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Mar;53:133-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.020. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
The aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) are mycotoxins produced by fungal species which can contaminate, alone or simultaneously, cereal-based raw materials. Usually, the higher mycotoxins concentrations in cereals are found in the external layers of the grain (bran). Nowadays bran is increasingly consumed for its high fibre concentration. The objectives of this study were determining the concentration of these mycotoxins in bran samples intended for direct human consumption and to study the influence of some characteristics of the samples that may affect the mycotoxins content, there are not studies about fibre for direct human consumption. 67 bran samples from shops and supermarkets from two different Spanish cities were analyzed, being 37 samples of wheat bran and the remaining of oat bran. The results showed a major presence of DON in the analyzed samples, with levels above the EU legislation in some samples. Presence of DON was more frequent in wheat samples, compared to oats ones (p<0.05). Extruded or toasted samples, subjected to a heat treatment during processing, presented a significantly lower concentration of OTA, and differences between the organically and conventionally produced samples were also detected in OTA, which showed higher levels in the organic samples. Co-occurrence was frequently found between the Fusarium mycotoxins (ZEA and DON). Due to the high levels of DON in the analyzed samples, a calculation of DON intake has been made and it has been demonstrated that bran can account for an important percentage of DON exposure in the total diet.
黄曲霉毒素（AFs）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）是真菌产生的霉菌毒素，可单独或同时污染谷物原料。通常，谷物中较高浓度的霉菌毒素存在于谷物的外部层（糠皮）中。如今，糠皮因其高纤维浓度而越来越多地被食用。本研究的目的是测定用于直接人类消费的糠皮样品中这些霉菌毒素的浓度，并研究可能影响霉菌毒素含量的一些样品特征的影响，目前尚无关于直接人类消费的纤维的研究。对来自两个不同西班牙城市的商店和超市的 67 个糠皮样本进行了分析，其中 37 个样本为小麦糠皮，其余为燕麦糠皮。结果表明，在所分析的样品中，DON 的存在更为普遍，一些样品的含量高于欧盟法规。与燕麦相比，DON 在小麦样品中的存在更为频繁（p<0.05）。经过挤压或烘烤等热加工处理的样品，OTA 的浓度明显较低，而且在有机和常规生产的样品之间也检测到了 OTA 的差异，有机样品中的 OTA 水平更高。镰刀菌霉菌毒素（ZEA 和 DON）经常同时出现。由于分析样品中 DON 的含量较高，因此对 DON 的摄入量进行了计算，结果表明糠皮在总膳食中对 DON 暴露的贡献率较大。
