a NutriFOODChem Unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality (partner in Food2Know), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(12):2165-76. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.853228. Epub 2013 Dec 7.
The co-occurrence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), B₂ (AFB₂), G₁ (AFG₁) and G₂ (AFG₂), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), zearalenone (ZEN), and HT-2 and T-2 toxins in the main Ecuadorian staple cereals (rice, oat flakes, and yellow and white wheat noodles) was evaluated. A ultra high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOFMS) method was developed and validated to screen for the presence of these mycotoxins in those cereal matrices. Matrix-matched calibration curves were used to compensate for ion suppression and extraction losses and the recovery values were in agreement with the minimum requirements of Regulation 401/2006/EC (70-110%). For most mycotoxins, the LODs obtained allowed detection in compliance with the maximum permitted levels set in Regulation EC/2006/1881, with the exception of OTA in all cereals and AFB1 in yellow noodles. Extra target analysis of OTA in oat flakes and wheat noodles was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. High rates of contamination were observed in paddy rice (23% DON, 23% FB₁, 7% AFB₁, 2% AFG₁ and 2% AFG₂), white wheat noodles (33% DON and 5% OTA) and oat flakes (17% DON, 2% OTA and 2% AFB₁), whereas the rates of contamination were lower in polished rice (2% AFG₁ and 4% HT-2 toxin) and yellow noodles (5% DON). Low rates of co-occurrence of several mycotoxins were observed only for white wheat noodles (5%) and paddy rice (7%). White noodles were contaminated with DON and/or OTA, while combinations of AFG₁, AFB₁, DON and FB₁ were found in paddy rice. Yellow noodles were contaminated with DON only; oat flakes contained DON, OTA or AFB₁, and polished rice was contaminated with AFG₁ and HT-2 toxin.
本研究评估了厄瓜多尔主要主食（大米、燕麦片、黄白小麦面条）中黄曲霉毒素 B₁（AFB₁）、B₂（AFB₂）、G₁（AFG₁）和 G₂（AFG₂）、赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、伏马菌素 B₁（FB₁）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）以及 HT-2 和 T-2 毒素的共现情况。建立并验证了一种超高效液相色谱/飞行时间质谱（UHPLC/TOFMS）方法，用于筛查这些真菌毒素在谷物基质中的存在情况。使用基质匹配校准曲线来补偿离子抑制和提取损失，回收率与法规 401/2006/EC（70-110%）的最低要求相符。对于大多数真菌毒素，所获得的检测限允许在符合法规 EC/2006/1881 规定的最大允许水平的情况下进行检测，除了所有谷物中的 OTA 和黄面条中的 AFB1 除外。对燕麦片和小麦面条中的 OTA 进行了高效液相色谱-荧光检测的额外目标分析。在稻谷（23% DON、23% FB₁、7% AFB₁、2% AFG₁ 和 2% AFG₂）、白面条（33% DON 和 5% OTA）和燕麦片中观察到高污染率（17% DON、2% OTA 和 2% AFB₁），而在精米中污染率较低（2% AFG₁ 和 4% HT-2 毒素）和黄面条（5% DON）。仅在白面条（5%）和稻谷（7%）中观察到几种真菌毒素的低共现率。白面条受到 DON 和/或 OTA 的污染，而稻谷中则发现 AFG₁、AFB₁、DON 和 FB₁ 的组合。黄面条仅受到 DON 的污染；燕麦片含有 DON、OTA 或 AFB₁，而精米则受到 AFG₁ 和 HT-2 毒素的污染。
