Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2012 Dec;7(12):816-20. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2012.211. Epub 2012 Dec 2.
Metamaterials are artificial substances that are structurally engineered to have properties not typically found in nature. To date, almost all metamaterials have been made from inorganic materials such as silicon and copper, which have unusual electromagnetic or acoustic properties that allow them to be used, for example, as invisible cloaks, superlenses or super absorbers for sound. Here, we show that metamaterials with unusual mechanical properties can be prepared using DNA as a building block. We used a polymerase enzyme to elongate DNA chains and weave them non-covalently into a hydrogel. The resulting material, which we term a meta-hydrogel, has liquid-like properties when taken out of water and solid-like properties when in water. Moreover, upon the addition of water, and after complete deformation, the hydrogel can be made to return to its original shape. The meta-hydrogel has a hierarchical internal structure and, as an example of its potential applications, we use it to create an electric circuit that uses water as a switch.
超材料是通过结构工程设计具有自然界中通常不存在的特性的人工物质。迄今为止,几乎所有超材料都是由具有不寻常电磁或声学特性的无机材料制成的,例如硅和铜,这些特性使它们可以用于例如隐形斗篷、超透镜或声音的超强吸收器。在这里,我们表明可以使用 DNA 作为构建块来制备具有不寻常机械性能的超材料。我们使用聚合酶酶将 DNA 链延长并将其非共价编织成水凝胶。所得材料,我们称之为超水凝胶,在从水中取出时具有液态特性,在水中时具有固态特性。此外,在添加水并完全变形后,可以使水凝胶恢复到原始形状。超水凝胶具有分层的内部结构,作为其潜在应用的一个例子,我们使用它来创建一个使用水作为开关的电路。
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