Rodríguez-Castro Eddie M, Córdova Héctor R
University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Bol Asoc Med P R. 2011 Jul-Sep;103(3):57-62.
The kidney undergoes functional and structural changes during the aging process. The factors influencing these changes are currently under active investigation. The renal functional reserve is diminished in the elderly predisposing these individuals to the development of acute kidney injury when the balance of vasconstrictive and vasodilatory hormones are altered, particularly with medications. The development of acute kidney injury in the elderly portends a negative prognosis for the recovery of renal function. The management of end stage renal disease in the elderly is also a topic of intense discussion and clinical investigation. In this review, we explore the mechanisms responsible for the aging of the kidney. We also summarize the renal hemodynamic changes, urine and concentration and dilution alterations, and the changes in sodium and potassium metabolism associated with aging. The role and the consequences of dialysis treatment in the elderly are also explored in this review article.
肾脏在衰老过程中会经历功能和结构的变化。目前正在积极研究影响这些变化的因素。老年人的肾功能储备减少，当血管收缩和血管舒张激素的平衡发生改变时，尤其是使用药物时，这些个体易发生急性肾损伤。老年人急性肾损伤的发生预示着肾功能恢复的预后不良。老年人终末期肾病的管理也是一个激烈讨论和临床研究的话题。在本综述中，我们探讨了肾脏衰老的相关机制。我们还总结了与衰老相关的肾脏血流动力学变化、尿液浓缩和稀释改变以及钠和钾代谢的变化。本文还探讨了透析治疗在老年人中的作用和后果。
