Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Biofouling. 2013;29(1):77-85. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2012.746672.
The freshwater zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a notorious biofouling organism. It adheres to a variety of substrata underwater by means of a proteinaceous structure called the byssus, which consists of a number of threads with adhesive plaques at the tips. The byssal proteins are difficult to characterize due to extensive cross-linking of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which renders the mature structure largely resistant to protein extraction and immunolocalization. By inducing secretion of fresh threads and plaques in which cross-linking is minimized, three novel zebra mussel byssal proteins were identified following extraction and separation by gel electrophoresis. Peptide fragment fingerprinting was used to match tryptic digests of several gel bands against a cDNA library of genes expressed uniquely in the mussel foot, the organ which secretes the byssus. This allowed identification of a more complete sequence of Dpfp2 (D. polymorpha foot protein 2), a known DOPA-containing byssal protein, and a partial sequence of Dpfp5, a novel protein with several typical characteristics of mussel adhesive proteins.
淡水贻贝(Dreissena polymorpha)是一种臭名昭著的生物污垢生物。它通过一种称为贻贝的蛋白质结构附着在水下的各种基质上,贻贝由许多带有粘性斑块的线组成。由于 3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(DOPA)的广泛交联,贻贝的贻贝蛋白很难进行特征描述,这使得成熟结构在很大程度上抵抗蛋白质提取和免疫定位。通过诱导新鲜线和斑块的分泌,其中交联最小化,在凝胶电泳提取和分离后,确定了三种新型淡水贻贝贻贝蛋白。肽片段指纹图谱用于将几种凝胶带的胰蛋白酶消化物与仅在贻贝足部表达的基因的 cDNA 文库进行匹配,贻贝足部是分泌贻贝的器官。这允许鉴定 Dpfp2(D. polymorpha 足部蛋白 2)的更完整序列,Dpfp2 是一种已知含有 DOPA 的贻贝蛋白,以及 Dpfp5 的部分序列,Dpfp5 是一种具有贻贝粘合蛋白的几个典型特征的新型蛋白。