Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Heredity (Edinb). 2013 Mar;110(3):277-82. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2012.83. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) fulfill various roles ranging from food and entertainment to religion and ornamentation. To survey its genetic diversity and trace the history of domestication, we investigated a total of 4938 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments including 2843 previously published and 2095 de novo units from 2044 domestic chickens and 51 red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). To obtain the highest possible level of molecular resolution, 50 representative samples were further selected for total mtDNA genome sequencing. A fine-gained mtDNA phylogeny was investigated by defining haplogroups A-I and W-Z. Common haplogroups A-G were shared by domestic chickens and red junglefowl. Rare haplogroups H-I and W-Z were specific to domestic chickens and red junglefowl, respectively. We re-evaluated the global mtDNA profiles of chickens. The geographic distribution for each of major haplogroups was examined. Our results revealed new complexities of history in chicken domestication because in the phylogeny lineages from the red junglefowl were mingled with those of the domestic chickens. Several local domestication events in South Asia, Southwest China and Southeast Asia were identified. The assessment of chicken mtDNA data also facilitated our understanding about the Austronesian settlement in the Pacific.
家鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus）在食品、娱乐、宗教和装饰等方面具有多种用途。为了调查其遗传多样性并追溯其驯化历史，我们对来自 2044 只家鸡和 51 只红原鸡（Gallus gallus）的总共 4938 个线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）片段进行了研究，其中包括 2843 个先前发表的片段和 2095 个从头开始的片段。为了获得尽可能高的分子分辨率，我们进一步选择了 50 个代表性样本进行全 mtDNA 基因组测序。通过定义单倍群 A-I 和 W-Z，对精细的 mtDNA 系统发育进行了研究。常见的单倍群 A-G 存在于家鸡和红原鸡中。罕见的单倍群 H-I 和 W-Z 分别是家鸡和红原鸡所特有的。我们重新评估了全球鸡的 mtDNA 图谱。检查了每个主要单倍群的地理分布。我们的研究结果揭示了鸡驯化历史的新复杂性，因为在红原鸡的系统发育谱系中与家鸡的谱系混在一起。在南亚、中国西南和东南亚地区确定了几个局部驯化事件。对鸡 mtDNA 数据的评估也有助于我们了解太平洋地区的南岛语系的定居情况。
