Institute of Botany, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
Planta. 2013 Mar;237(3):653-64. doi: 10.1007/s00425-012-1817-5. Epub 2012 Dec 5.
Investigations over many decades have revealed that nucleoids of higher plant plastids are highly dynamic with regard to their number, their structural organization and protein composition. Membrane attachment and environmental cues seem to determine the activity and functionality of the nucleoids and point to a highly regulated structure-function relationship. The heterogeneous composition and the many functions that are seemingly associated with the plastid nucleoids could be related to the high number of chromosomes per plastid. Recent proteomic studies have brought novel nucleoid-associated proteins into the spotlight and indicated that plastid nucleoids are an evolutionary hybrid possessing prokaryotic nucleoid features and eukaryotic (nuclear) chromatin components, several of which are dually targeted to the nucleus and chloroplasts. Future studies need to unravel if and how plastid-nucleus communication depends on nucleoid structure and plastid gene expression.
几十年来的研究表明，高等植物质体的类核在数量、结构组织和蛋白质组成方面具有高度动态性。膜附着和环境线索似乎决定了类核的活性和功能，并指向高度调控的结构-功能关系。异质的组成和许多似乎与质体类核相关的功能可能与每个质体中的染色体数量有关。最近的蛋白质组学研究将新的类核相关蛋白带入了人们的视野，并表明质体类核是一种进化杂种，具有原核类核特征和真核（核）染色质成分，其中一些成分被双重靶向到细胞核和叶绿体。未来的研究需要阐明质体-核通讯是否以及如何依赖于类核结构和质体基因表达。
