Departments of Biology and Ecology of Fishes and Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 18;109(51):20960-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212536109. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Fisheries-induced evolution and its impact on the productivity of exploited fish stocks remains a highly contested research topic in applied fish evolution and fisheries science. Although many quantitative models assume that larger, more fecund fish are preferentially removed by fishing, there is no empirical evidence describing the relationship between vulnerability to capture and individual reproductive fitness in the wild. Using males from two lines of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) selectively bred over three generations for either high (HV) or low (LV) vulnerability to angling as a model system, we show that the trait "vulnerability to angling" positively correlates with aggression, intensity of parental care, and reproductive fitness. The difference in reproductive fitness between HV and LV fish was particularly evident among larger males, which are also the preferred mating partners of females. Our study constitutes experimental evidence that recreational angling selectively captures individuals with the highest potential for reproductive fitness. Our study further suggests that selective removal of the fittest individuals likely occurs in many fisheries that target species engaged in parental care. As a result, depending on the ecological context, angling-induced selection may have negative consequences for recruitment within wild populations of largemouth bass and possibly other exploited species in which behavioral patterns that determine fitness, such as aggression or parental care, also affect their vulnerability to fishing gear.
渔业诱导的进化及其对受捕捞鱼类种群生产力的影响仍然是应用鱼类进化和渔业科学中一个极具争议的研究课题。尽管许多定量模型假设较大、更具繁殖力的鱼类更容易被捕捞所捕捞，但在野外，没有描述被捕捞的脆弱性与个体生殖适应性之间关系的经验证据。使用经过三代选择性繁殖的大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）的两个系的雄性作为模型系统，这些雄性分别对钓鱼具有高（HV）或低（LV）的脆弱性，我们表明，“对钓鱼的脆弱性”这一特征与攻击性、亲代抚育的强度和生殖适应性呈正相关。在较大的雄性中，HV 和 LV 鱼类之间的生殖适应性差异尤为明显，而较大的雄性也是雌性的首选交配伙伴。我们的研究构成了实验证据，表明娱乐性钓鱼会选择性地捕获生殖适应性最高的个体。我们的研究进一步表明，在许多以从事亲代抚育的物种为目标的渔业中，可能会选择性地去除最适合的个体。因此，根据生态背景的不同，钓鱼诱导的选择可能会对大口黑鲈和其他可能受到影响的受捕捞物种的野生种群的繁殖产生负面影响，这些物种的行为模式（如攻击性或亲代抚育）也会影响它们对渔具的脆弱性。
