Mosconi G, Riva M M, Santini M
Unità Operativa Ospedaliera Medicina del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3):268-77.
Construction is strategic in Italy and worldwide, on top for employees number and turnover but also for occupational accidents and diseases. The building site is at high risk and it is difficult to maintain good levels of safety: in recent years they have had an improvement, but the economic crisis did not favour it. The knowledge in the field of prevention is not as widespread as it would be necessary and as requested (OSHA - UE). The Occupational Physician, engaged in risk assessment and management of medical services, must protect the health of workers at high risk for health, aging and performing tiring work, without adequate vocational training and culture, often in precarious conditions of health and lifestyle at risk. There are good experiences around the world and in Italy. Implementation of research in technology and ergonomics, materials and the tools, reduction of workload are needed, improvement of building site organization, of knowledge about health effects, the rehabilitation and reintegration to work. The procedures and processes should improve productivity and at the same time be safer and less dangerous and the lows should be more fitting with the specific characteristics of the construction industry.
在意大利乃至全球，建筑业都具有重要战略意义，无论是在员工数量、营业额方面，还是在职业事故和疾病方面都名列前茅。建筑工地风险很高，难以维持良好的安全水平：近年来虽有改善，但经济危机对此不利。预防领域的知识不像所需和要求的那样广泛（美国职业安全与健康管理局 - 欧盟）。职业医生负责风险评估和医疗服务管理，必须保护那些因健康、年龄和从事累活而面临高健康风险的工人的健康，这些工人往往没有足够的职业培训和文化素养，而且健康和生活方式通常处于不稳定且有风险的状态。在全球和意大利都有一些良好的经验。需要在技术与人体工程学、材料和工具方面开展研究，减少工作量，改善建筑工地组织，增进对健康影响的认识，以及进行康复和重返工作岗位的相关工作。程序和流程应提高生产率，同时更安全、危险性更低，法规应更符合建筑业的具体特点。
