Shao Ping, Wang Li-li, An Jun-lin, Zhou Yan-li, Wang Yue-si
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2012 Aug;33(8):2538-50.
Zhangjiakou is an important city in the north of Hebei province with rapidly developing industry in recent years, which has little precipitation and a very fragile ecological environment. The observation of atmospheric pollutants was done from December 2009 to November 2010 to illuminate the air pollution situation. The results showed that the annual mean concentration of PM10, the primary pollutant, reached (137 +/- 105) microg x m(-3), and those of NO, NO2, SO2 and O3 were (8 +/- 13), (30 +/- 15), (19 +/- 26) and (54 +/- 35) microg x m(-3), respectively; The seasonal mean concentrations of NOx and SO2 were highest in winter, with values of (51 +/- 35) microg x m(-3) and (42 +/- 29) microg x m(-3), respectively, and lowest in summer, only (28 +/- 8) and (4 +/- 3) microg x m(-3), respectively. For O3, the highest value was recorded in summer, with seasonal mean of (92 +/- 40) microg x m(-3) and the highest daily maximum hourly concentration of 271 microg x m(-3), whereas the lowest seasonal mean value of (34 +/- 20) microg x m(-3) was obtained in winter. The highest seasonal average PM10 was measured in spring, reaching (144 +/- 131) microg x m(-3), and lowest in winter, with a value of (130 +/- 129) microg x m(-3), indicating little seasonal variation of PM10. The rate that PM10 exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard II was 28%. The diurnal variations of pollutants in four seasons showed that the average diurnal variations of NO, and PM10 were similar with peaking in early morning and evening, while the peak of SO2 and O3 appeared at noon and in the afternoon, respectively. The diurnal variation of air pollutants was significantly affected by the traffic, and the seasonal variation of gas pollutants was significantly affected by coal-fired heating in winter. In summer, the air masses from southeast regions could transport O3 and its precursors to Zhangjiakou. Dust carried by northwestern air masses and local dust with strong winds greatly affected PM10 in Zhangjiakou, and North China Plain was also affected in some degree.
张家口是河北省北部的一座重要城市，近年来工业发展迅速，降水稀少，生态环境十分脆弱。于2009年12月至2010年11月对大气污染物进行观测，以阐明空气污染状况。结果表明，首要污染物PM10的年均浓度达到(137±105)μg·m⁻³，NO、NO₂、SO₂和O₃的年均浓度分别为(8±13)、(30±15)、(19±26)和(54±35)μg·m⁻³；NOₓ和SO₂的季节平均浓度冬季最高，分别为(51±35)μg·m⁻³和(42±29)μg·m⁻³，夏季最低，分别仅为(28±8)和(4±3)μg·m⁻³。对于O₃，夏季值最高，季节平均浓度为(92±40)μg·m⁻³，日最大小时浓度最高达271μg·m⁻³，而冬季季节平均浓度最低，为(34±20)μg·m⁻³。春季PM10的季节平均浓度最高，达到(144±131)μg·m⁻³，冬季最低值为(130±129)μg·m⁻³，表明PM10的季节变化较小。PM10超过国家环境空气质量二级标准的比例为28%。四个季节污染物的日变化表明，NO和PM10的日平均变化相似，在清晨和傍晚达到峰值，而SO₂和O₃的峰值分别出现在中午和下午。空气污染物的日变化受交通影响显著，气体污染物的季节变化受冬季燃煤取暖影响显著。夏季，来自东南地区的气团可将O₃及其前体输送至张家口。西北气团携带的沙尘和大风带来的本地沙尘对张家口的PM10影响很大，华北平原也受到一定程度的影响。
