Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2013 Jan;27(1):89-99. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12022.
Anogenital distance has been associated with prenatal exposure to chemicals with anti-androgenic effects. There are limited data in humans concerning descriptive patterns, predictors, and the reliability of measurement of anogenital distances. We examined anogenital distance measurements and their predictors in males and females and further estimated the reliability of these measurements.
Anogenital distances were measured in repeated time periods among 352 newborns and 732 young children in two cohorts, one in Crete, Greece and one in Barcelona, Spain. Mixed effect models were used to estimate the between-children, between- and within-examiners variance, as well as the reliability coefficients.
Genitalia distances were longer in males than in females. Anogenital distances in both sexes increased rapidly from birth to 12 months, while the additional increase during the second year was small. Birthweight was associated with an increase of 1.9 mm/kg [95% CI 0.1, 3.8] (CI, confidence interval) in the anogenital distance measured from the anus to anterior base of the penis in newborn males, 2.9 mm/kg [95% CI 1.8, 3.9] in anoclitoral distance and 1.0 mm/kg [95% CI 0.0, 2.0] in anofourchettal distance in newborn females, after adjustment for gestational age. In children, body weight was the main predictor of all genitalia measurements. Moreover, anogenital distances at birth were associated with the corresponding distances at early childhood. High reliability coefficients (>90%) were found for all anogenital distances measurements in males and females.
Anogenital distances are strongly related to gestational age and birthweight and later, to growth. They track through early life and are highly reliable measures in both sexes.
肛门生殖器距离与具有抗雄激素作用的化学物质产前暴露有关。关于描述性模式、预测因素和肛门生殖器距离测量的可靠性，人类的数据有限。我们检查了男性和女性的肛门生殖器距离测量及其预测因素，并进一步估计了这些测量的可靠性。
在两个队列中，在克里特岛的希腊和巴塞罗那的西班牙对 352 名新生儿和 732 名幼儿进行了重复时间段的肛门生殖器距离测量。混合效应模型用于估计儿童之间、检查者之间和检查者内部的方差，以及可靠性系数。
生殖器距离男性大于女性。男女肛门生殖器距离从出生到 12 个月迅速增加，而第二年的额外增加很小。出生体重与新生儿男性肛门至阴茎前基部肛门生殖器距离增加 1.9 毫米/公斤[95%置信区间（CI）0.1，3.8]，阴至阴距离增加 2.9 毫米/公斤[95%CI 1.8，3.9]，新生儿女性肛门生殖器距离增加 1.0 毫米/公斤[95%CI 0.0，2.0]，调整胎龄后。在儿童中，体重是所有生殖器测量的主要预测因素。此外，出生时的肛门生殖器距离与早期儿童的相应距离相关。在男性和女性中，所有肛门生殖器距离测量均具有>90%的高可靠性系数。
肛门生殖器距离与胎龄和出生体重密切相关，之后与生长相关。它们在整个生命早期都有很好的跟踪，并且在两性中都是高度可靠的测量方法。
