Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Oncol. 2013 Feb;52(2):364-71. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2012.744141. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
Several studies have suggested that religion and spirituality are important for overcoming psychological distress and adjusting mentally to cancer, but these studies did not differentiate between spiritual well-being and specific aspects of faith. We examined the extent to which spiritual well-being, the faith dimension of spiritual well-being and aspects of performed faith are associated with distress and mental adjustment among cancer patients.
In a cross-sectional design, 1043 survivors of various cancers filled in a questionnaire on spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp-12), specific aspects of faith ('belief in a god', 'belief in a god with whom I can talk' and 'experiences of god or a higher power'), religious community and church attendance (DUREL), distress (POMS-SF), adjustment to cancer (Mini-MAC) and sociodemographic factors. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between exposure (spiritual well-being and specific faith aspects) and outcome (distress and adjustment to cancer) with adjustment for age, gender, cancer diagnosis and physical and social well-being.
Higher spiritual well-being was associated with less total distress (β = -0.79, CI -0.92; -0.66) and increased adjustment to cancer (fighting spirit, anxious preoccupation, helplessness-hopelessness). Specific aspects of faith were associated with high confusion-bewilderment and tension-anxiety, but also lower score on vigor-activity, and with higher anxious-preoccupation, both higher and lower cognitive avoidance, but also more fighting spirit.
As hypothesized, spiritual well-being were associated with less distress and better mental adjustment. However, specific aspects of faith were both positively and negatively associated with distress and mental adjustment. The results illustrate the complexity of associations between spiritual well-being and specific aspects of faith with psychological function among cancer survivors.
多项研究表明，宗教和灵性对于克服心理困扰和调整癌症患者的心理状态非常重要，但这些研究并未区分精神幸福感和信仰的具体方面。我们研究了精神幸福感、精神幸福感的信仰维度以及实践信仰的各个方面与癌症患者的困扰和心理调整之间的关系。
在一项横断面设计中，1043 名不同癌症的幸存者填写了一份关于精神幸福感（FACIT-Sp-12）、信仰的具体方面（“信仰上帝”、“信仰可以与之交流的上帝”和“经历上帝或更高的力量”）、宗教团体和教堂出勤率（DUREL）、困扰（POMS-SF）、癌症适应（Mini-MAC）以及社会人口因素的问卷。使用线性回归模型分析暴露因素（精神幸福感和特定信仰方面）与结果因素（困扰和癌症适应）之间的关联，并调整年龄、性别、癌症诊断以及身体和社会健康状况。
更高的精神幸福感与总困扰程度较低（β=-0.79，CI-0.92；-0.66）和癌症适应度增加（战斗精神、焦虑困扰、无助无望）相关。信仰的具体方面与高度困惑和紧张焦虑相关，但也与活力活动评分较低、焦虑困扰评分较高、认知回避程度较高和较低均相关，还与更多的战斗精神相关。
正如假设的那样，精神幸福感与困扰程度较低和心理调整较好相关。然而，信仰的具体方面与困扰和心理调整均存在正相关和负相关。研究结果说明了癌症幸存者的精神幸福感和特定信仰方面与心理功能之间的关联的复杂性。
