El Morsi Doaa A, Al Hawary Adel A
Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, AlGomhoreya street, Mansoura, Egypt.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2013 Jan;20(1):6-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.020. Epub 2012 May 22.
Measurements of hand bones length have been shown to be sexually dimorphic in many nationalities. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of sex determination from the length of all metacarpals and phalanges of right and left hands using X-ray radiographs and to develop a discriminant formula that can be used in the Egyptians. One hundred Egyptians are included in the study (50 adult males and 50 adult females) in the period from December 2009 to January 2011 with mean age 31.60 ± 9.44. Each is subjected to X-ray radiographs on both hands. The results reveal that males have significantly greater mean values than females for all metacarpals and phalanges of both hands and the Egyptian population has greater measurements in comparison to the other ones (e.g. Turkish and European Americans). In addition there is no significant difference between the right and the left hands in either males or females. The correct classification reached an accuracy of 88%-94% by using both hands, while that for right hand only is 88% and 88%-90% for the left hand only. Regarding the accuracy of each bone, the present results revealed that 1st DP & PP and 3rd and 4th MC in the right and left hands are the best bones that can be used in correct sex determination. It is concluded that the length of metacarpals and phalanges (especially the 1st DP & PP and 3rd and 4th MC) could be used for sex determination. The right hand could be used as the left hand in determination of sex. Also the X-ray radiographs are good non invasive and simple tool in the determination of sex from the hand bones. Furthermore the regression equation for both hands and each hand separately is specific to Egyptian population and should be used after validation of the results in other ones.
在许多民族中，手部骨骼长度的测量已显示出性别差异。本研究的目的是使用X线片评估根据左右手掌骨和指骨长度进行性别判定的准确性，并开发一种可用于埃及人的判别公式。2009年12月至2011年1月期间，100名埃及人纳入本研究（50名成年男性和50名成年女性），平均年龄31.60±9.44岁。每个人都接受了双手的X线片检查。结果显示，双手所有掌骨和指骨的男性平均值均显著高于女性，并且埃及人群的测量值比其他人群（如土耳其人和欧裔美国人）更大。此外，男性和女性的右手与左手之间均无显著差异。使用双手时正确分类的准确率达到88%-94%，仅使用右手时为88%，仅使用左手时为88%-90%。关于每根骨头的准确性，目前的结果显示，左右手的第1节远节指骨和近节指骨以及第3和第4掌骨是可用于正确性别判定的最佳骨头。得出的结论是，掌骨和指骨的长度（尤其是第1节远节指骨和近节指骨以及第3和第4掌骨）可用于性别判定。在性别判定中右手可与左手一样使用。而且X线片是从手部骨骼判定性别的良好的非侵入性且简单的工具。此外，双手及每只手单独的回归方程是针对埃及人群的，在其他人群中验证结果后应使用。
