Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) Team, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
Neuron. 2012 Dec 6;76(5):998-1009. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.017.
The division of human learning systems into reward and punishment opponent modules is still a debated issue. While the implication of ventral prefrontostriatal circuits in reward-based learning is well established, the neural underpinnings of punishment-based learning remain unclear. To elucidate the causal implication of brain regions that were related to punishment learning in a previous functional neuroimaging study, we tested the effects of brain damage on behavioral performance, using the same task contrasting monetary gains and losses. Cortical and subcortical candidate regions, the anterior insula and dorsal striatum, were assessed in patients presenting brain tumor and Huntington disease, respectively. Both groups exhibited selective impairment of punishment-based learning. Computational modeling suggested complementary roles for these structures: the anterior insula might be involved in learning the negative value of loss-predicting cues, whereas the dorsal striatum might be involved in choosing between those cues so as to avoid the worst.
人类学习系统分为奖励和惩罚对手模块的划分仍然是一个有争议的问题。虽然腹侧前额叶-纹状体回路在基于奖励的学习中的作用已经得到很好的证实，但基于惩罚的学习的神经基础仍不清楚。为了阐明在先前的功能神经影像学研究中与惩罚学习相关的大脑区域的因果意义，我们使用相同的任务对比金钱收益和损失，测试了大脑损伤对行为表现的影响。皮质和皮质下候选区域，即前岛叶和背侧纹状体，分别在患有脑瘤和亨廷顿病的患者中进行了评估。两组患者均表现出基于惩罚的学习选择性损伤。计算模型表明这些结构具有互补作用：前岛叶可能参与学习损失预测线索的负价值，而背侧纹状体可能参与在这些线索之间进行选择，以避免最差的情况。
