Dept. of Clinical Speech & Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland.
J Fluency Disord. 2012 Dec;37(4):234-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.03.001. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
Narrative therapy (White & Epston, 1990) was developed as an approach to counselling, as a response to the power relations that influence people's lives. Its use with people who stutter has been documented. A basic tenet of narrative therapy is that the dominant problem-saturated narrative is challenged by externalizing the problem, in due course facilitating development of an alternative narrative. Within this process, the definitional ceremony involving outsider witnesses is a key procedure used to influence change.
This paper describes definitional ceremonies, and their application within a narrative approach to therapy for stuttering. The analysis of a specific definitional ceremony is presented, leading to an exploration of identity as a public and social achievement.
A definitional ceremony involving a woman who stutters and family members was recorded and analysed using two methods: interpretative phenomenological analysis and Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological analysis. Details of the clinical application of definitional ceremonies with this client are described.
Results from both methods of analysis were found to be similar. Notable results include the fact that the stuttering per se was not presented as the problem; rather, the impact of stuttering, especially the experience of bullying, was a dominant theme. This paper shows how definitional ceremonies can open opportunities for clients to present themselves in a preferred way, forming the basis for a new story and revised identity. Emerging themes can be identified for reflection and discussion with the client for therapeutic benefit.
(1) to describe and explain to readers the process of narrative therapy, with special attention to the use of definitional ceremonies; (2) to provide detail regarding the clinical processes involved with a specific definitional ceremony with one client; (3) to have the reader appreciate the specific importance of involving outsider witnesses in the therapy process; (4) to discuss the outcomes of the use of this particular definitional ceremony.
叙事疗法（White & Epston, 1990）是一种咨询方法，是对影响人们生活的权力关系的回应。它已被用于口吃者。叙事疗法的一个基本原则是，通过将问题外化来挑战主导的问题饱和叙事，从而为发展替代叙事提供便利。在这个过程中，涉及局外人见证人的定义仪式是影响变化的关键程序。
本文描述了定义仪式，并展示了其在口吃叙事治疗方法中的应用。提出了一个具体的定义仪式的分析，进而探讨了身份认同作为一种公共和社会成就。
记录并使用两种方法分析了一个涉及口吃女性及其家庭成员的定义仪式：解释现象学分析和海德格尔解释学现象学分析。详细描述了该客户定义仪式的临床应用。
两种分析方法的结果都很相似。值得注意的结果包括，口吃本身并没有被呈现为问题；相反，口吃的影响，尤其是被欺凌的经历，是一个主要的主题。本文展示了定义仪式如何为客户提供以自己喜欢的方式展示自己的机会，为新的故事和修正的身份奠定基础。可以为治疗目的与客户一起反思和讨论新兴主题。
（1）向读者描述和解释叙事治疗过程，特别关注定义仪式的使用；（2）详细介绍与一名客户的特定定义仪式相关的临床过程；（3）让读者了解在治疗过程中让局外人参与的具体重要性；（4）讨论使用这个特定定义仪式的结果。
