Improving work participation for adults with musculoskeletal conditions.

The impact of musculoskeletal disorders on work is demanding more attention from clinicians. For many rheumatologists, inflammatory arthritis is the most frequently encountered condition that interferes with work. However, the cumulative burden of non-inflammatory arthropathies and disorders such as back pain, osteoarthritis and limb pain as a whole results in a much greater economic and human cost to society than inflammatory disease. New conceptual approaches and research results support the view that work loss does not need to be a frequent consequence of a musculoskeletal disorder or disability. This is often accomplished through a biopsychosocial and interdisciplinary approach, involving interaction between those with a musculoskeletal condition, their clinicians and employers. This review outlines the challenges and draws on the results of empirical studies to highlight potential opportunities to promote sustained ability for patients to successfully remain on the job. It also outlines future research opportunities.