Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 11 Al Eslah El Zerai Street, PO Box 2223, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Prev Vet Med. 2013 Jun 1;110(2):253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.014. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
In the current situation of endemicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Egypt, improving the biosecurity of poultry production has become essential to the progressive reduction the incidence of the disease. A significant proportion of the Egyptian commercial poultry system consists of small-scale poultry producers operating with low to minimal biosecurity measures. An investigation was conducted into the level of adoption of standard biosecurity measures of the small-scale commercial chicken growers, including both farm- and home-based commercial production, input suppliers and other actors along the meat chicken value chain in Fayoum, Egypt. The study which used direct observations and group discussions of nearly 160 participants and structured interviews with 463 respondents, assessed biosecurity implementation to improve management practices and ultimately to control and prevent highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). The survey found that overall, biosecurity measures are rarely implemented in small-scale commercial poultry production units. Compliance with recommended biosecurity practices did not greatly vary from home-based to farm-based commercial production. Furthermore, serious risk practices were identified, such as unsafe disposal of poultry carcasses and potential disease spread posed by poor biosecurity measures implemented during vaccination. HPAI control measures have been ineffective due to limited cooperation between public and private sector, aggravated by the unpopular measures taken in the event of outbreaks and no compensation paid for incurred losses. Outreach and biosecurity awareness raising initiatives should be specifically developed for small-scale producers with the objective of improving general poultry management and thus preventing HPAI and other poultry diseases.
在埃及高致病性禽流感（HPAI）地方性流行的当前形势下，改善家禽生产的生物安全对于逐步减少疾病的发生至关重要。埃及商业家禽系统的很大一部分由小规模家禽生产者组成，他们采用的生物安全措施很低或几乎没有。对埃及法尤姆省小规模商业肉鸡养殖户（包括农场和家庭式商业生产、投入供应商以及鸡肉价值链上的其他参与者）采用标准生物安全措施的程度进行了调查。该研究采用了直接观察和近 160 名参与者的小组讨论以及对 463 名受访者的结构化访谈，评估了生物安全实施情况，以改善管理实践，最终控制和预防高致病性禽流感（HPAI）。调查发现，总体而言，小规模商业家禽生产单位很少采取生物安全措施。在家禽养殖和农场式商业生产中，遵守推荐的生物安全实践的情况并没有太大差异。此外，还确定了严重的风险行为，例如不安全地处理家禽尸体以及在接种疫苗期间实施的低生物安全措施可能导致疾病传播。由于公私部门之间的合作有限，再加上疫情爆发时采取的不受欢迎的措施以及没有对所造成的损失进行赔偿，HPAI 控制措施一直没有效果。应该为小规模生产者专门制定宣传和生物安全意识提高的举措，以改善一般家禽管理，从而预防 HPAI 和其他家禽疾病。
