Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Zürich, Switzerland.
Public Health. 2013 Jan;127(1):92-8. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.09.001. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
To use a psychological theory of behavioural change to measure and interpret the effectiveness of different promotional strategies for achieving long-term usage of a household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) system in peri-urban Zimbabwe.
Solar disinfection (SODIS) was introduced into five peri-urban communities near Harare, Zimbabwe. Six different interventions were developed and were applied in four communities in different combinations, with the fifth remaining as a control area where no interventions were implemented.
Throughout the 26 months of the study nine longitudinal panel surveys were conducted in which SODIS usage was estimated using three separate metrics: reported, calculated, and observed. A total of 1551 people were interviewed.
The three indicators of SODIS usage broadly agreed with one another. By any measure, the most effective intervention was household visits by trained promoters in combination with persuasion. Households which received household visits maintained SODIS usage rates of 65% or more, even six months after the cessation of all promotional activities. Households receiving other interventions were significantly less effective. Interventions like prompts or public commitment after the application of household visits were effective at maintaining good practices once these were established.
Household promotion in combination with persuasion appears more effective than other approaches, especially when followed with interventions targeting the maintenance of the new behaviour. With this intervention it is possible that around 65% of the households continue to use solar water disinfection (SODIS) more than two years after the initial promotion, and six months after the end of all interventions.
利用行为改变的心理学理论来衡量和解释不同推广策略对实现津巴布韦城郊家庭用水处理和安全储存（HWTS）系统长期使用的效果。
在津巴布韦哈拉雷附近的五个城郊社区引入了太阳能消毒（SODIS）。开发了六种不同的干预措施，并在四个社区以不同的组合应用，第五个社区作为对照区，没有实施任何干预措施。
在研究的 26 个月中，进行了九次纵向面板调查，使用三种不同的指标来估计 SODIS 的使用情况：报告、计算和观察。共有 1551 人接受了访谈。
SODIS 使用的三个指标彼此基本一致。无论采用哪种衡量标准，最有效的干预措施都是经过培训的推广人员进行家访，并辅以劝导。接受家访的家庭保持 SODIS 使用率在 65%或以上，甚至在所有推广活动停止六个月后仍然如此。接受其他干预措施的家庭效果明显较差。家访后应用提示或公开承诺等干预措施，在建立良好做法后，对于维持良好做法是有效的。
家庭推广与劝导相结合的方法似乎比其他方法更有效，特别是在后续干预措施针对新行为的维持时更为有效。通过这种干预措施，大约 65%的家庭在最初推广两年多后，并且在所有干预措施结束六个月后，仍然继续使用太阳能水消毒（SODIS）。
