Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Centre for Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Appropriate Technology Development, University of Malawi (Polytechnic), Blantyre, Malawi.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2020 Nov;16(6):871-884. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4249. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Despite the increasing volume of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of solar water disinfection (SODIS) as a household water treatment technology, there still appear to be significant barriers to uptake in developing countries. The potential of SODIS is often treated with skepticism in terms of effective treatment, volume, and safety, and is dismissed in preference for more accepted technologies such as ceramic filters and dose chlorination. As part of WATERSPOUTT (EU H2020 688928), our study used a transdisciplinary methodology to cocreate an innovative SODIS system in rural Malawi. The formative work focused on the design of 1) an appropriate and acceptable system and 2) a context-specific intervention delivery program using a behavior-centered design. Initial research identified specific water needs and challenges, which were discussed along with a cocreation process with potential end users, through a series of shared dialogue workshops (SDWs). Specifications from end users outlined a desire for higher volume systems (20 L) that were "familiar" and could be manufactured locally. Development of the "SODIS bucket" was then undertaken by design experts and local manufacturers, with input from end users and subject to controlled testing to ensure efficacy and safety. Concurrent data were collated using questionnaires (n = 777 households), water point mapping (n = 121), water quality testing (n = 46), and behavior change modeling (n = 100 households). These identified specific contextual issues (hydrogeology, water access, gender roles, social capital, and socioeconomic status), and behavioral determinants (normative, ability, and self-regulation factors) that informed the development and delivery mechanism for the implementation toolkit. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:871-884. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
尽管越来越多的证据表明太阳能水消毒（SODIS）作为一种家庭水处理技术的功效，但在发展中国家，采用该技术似乎仍然存在重大障碍。SODIS 的潜力在有效处理、处理量和安全性方面往往受到质疑，并被认为不如陶瓷过滤器和剂量氯化等更被接受的技术。作为 WATERSPOUTT（欧盟 H2020 688928）的一部分，我们的研究使用跨学科方法在马拉维农村地区共同创建了一种创新的 SODIS 系统。形成性工作侧重于设计 1）适当和可接受的系统和 2）使用行为中心设计的特定于上下文的干预交付计划。初步研究确定了特定的水需求和挑战，这些需求与潜在最终用户一起通过一系列共享对话研讨会（SDWs）进行了讨论，并共同设计了一个过程。最终用户的规范概述了对更高处理量系统（20L）的需求，这些系统“熟悉”且可以在当地制造。然后，设计专家和当地制造商根据最终用户的输入并经过受控测试来确保功效和安全性，对“SODIS 桶”进行了开发。同时使用问卷调查（n=777 户）、水点测绘（n=121）、水质测试（n=46）和行为改变建模（n=100 户）收集并发数据。这些数据确定了具体的背景问题（水文地质学、水接入、性别角色、社会资本和社会经济地位）和行为决定因素（规范、能力和自我调节因素），为实施工具包的开发和交付机制提供了信息。综合环境评估与管理 2020；16：871-884。©2020 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊出版公司代表环境毒理与化学学会（SETAC）出版。
