Department of Internal Medicine, Effia-Nkwanta Regional Hospital Sekondi-Takoradi, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013 Mar;120(3):236-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.09.021. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
To assess the burden of maternal malaria and HIV among pregnant women in Ghana and to determine the risk of anemia among women with dual infection.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at 4 hospitals in the Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis, Ghana. The study group comprised 872 consenting pregnant women attending prenatal care clinics. Venous blood samples were screened for malaria, HIV, and hemoglobin level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between malaria, HIV, and risk of anemia.
In all, 34.4% of the study cohort had anemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that pregnant women with either malaria (odds ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-2.77; P=<0.001) or HIV (odds ratio 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.80; P=0.014) had an increased risk of anemia. In adjusted models, pregnant women co-infected with both malaria and HIV displayed twice the risk of anemia. The adjusted odds ratio was 2.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.44-4.97; P=0.002).
Pregnant women infected with both malaria and HIV are twice as likely to be anemic than women with a single infection or no infection. Measures to control malaria, HIV, and anemia during pregnancy are imperative to improve birth outcomes in this region of Ghana.
评估加纳孕妇中疟疾和 HIV 的负担，并确定双重感染妇女贫血的风险。
在加纳塞康迪-塔克拉迪大都市的 4 家医院进行了一项横断面研究。研究组包括 872 名同意参加产前保健诊所的孕妇。采集静脉血样筛查疟疾、HIV 和血红蛋白水平。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定疟疾、HIV 与贫血风险之间的关联。
研究队列中共有 34.4%的孕妇贫血。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，患有疟疾（比值比 1.99；95%置信区间，1.43-2.77；P<0.001）或 HIV（比值比 1.78；95%置信区间，1.13-2.80；P=0.014）的孕妇贫血风险增加。在调整模型中，同时感染疟疾和 HIV 的孕妇贫血的风险增加了两倍。调整后的比值比为 2.67（95%置信区间，1.44-4.97；P=0.002）。
同时感染疟疾和 HIV 的孕妇贫血的风险是感染单一感染或无感染的孕妇的两倍。在怀孕期间控制疟疾、HIV 和贫血的措施对于改善加纳这一地区的生育结局至关重要。
