Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Jan 30;145(2):598-607. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.041. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
Hopea odorata Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae) is a representative Thai ethnopharmacological herbal plant used in the treatment of various inflammation-related diseases. In spite of its traditional use, systematic studies of its anti-inflammatory action have not been performed.
The inhibitory activities of a Hopea odorata methanol extract (Ho-ME) on the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. The effects of Ho-ME on the gastritis symptoms induced by HCl/EtOH and on ear oedemas induced by arachidonic acid were also examined. Furthermore, to identify the immunopharmacological targets of this extract, nuclear fractionation, a reporter gene assay, immunoprecipitation, immunoblot analysis, and a kinase assay were employed.
Ho-ME strongly inhibited the release of NO, PGE(2), and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ho-ME also clearly suppressed the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin (IL)-12, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). By analysing the inhibited target molecules, Syk and Src were found to be suppressed in the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. In addition, the observed downregulation of activator protein (AP)-1 and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) was due to the direct inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)1 and IRAK4, which was also linked to the suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. In agreement with the in vitro observations, this extract also ameliorated the inflammatory symptoms in EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis and arachidonic acid-induced ear oedemas in mice.
Ho-ME has potential as a functional herbal remedy targeting Syk- and Src-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Future pre-clinical studies will be needed to investigate this possibility.
Hopea odorata Roxb.（龙脑香科）是一种有代表性的泰国民间草药植物，用于治疗各种炎症相关疾病。尽管有其传统用途，但尚未对其抗炎作用进行系统研究。
研究了 Hopea odorata 甲醇提取物（Ho-ME）对 RAW264.7 细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞中一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和前列腺素 E（2）（PGE（2））产生的抑制作用。还研究了 Ho-ME 对盐酸/乙醇诱导的胃炎症状和花生四烯酸诱导的耳部水肿的影响。此外，为了确定该提取物的免疫药理学靶点，采用了核分离、报告基因分析、免疫沉淀、免疫印迹分析和激酶分析。
Ho-ME 强烈抑制脂多糖（LPS）刺激的 RAW264.7 细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞中 NO、PGE（2）和 TNF-α的释放。Ho-ME 还明显抑制了促炎细胞因子和趋化因子（如干扰素（IFN）-β、白细胞介素（IL）-12 和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）的基因表达。通过分析受抑制的靶分子，发现 Syk 和 Src 在核因子（NF）-κB 途径的抑制中受到抑制。此外，观察到的激活蛋白（AP）-1 和 cAMP 反应元件结合（CREB）的下调是由于白细胞介素-1 受体相关激酶（IRAK）1 和 IRAK4 的直接抑制，这也与 c-Jun N 末端激酶（JNK）和 p38 的抑制有关。与体外观察结果一致，该提取物还改善了乙醇/盐酸诱导的胃炎和花生四烯酸诱导的耳部水肿小鼠的炎症症状。
Ho-ME 作为一种针对 Syk-和Src 介导的抗炎机制的功能性草药疗法具有潜力。未来的临床前研究将需要研究这种可能性。
