Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 Feb;64(2):198-207. doi: 10.1007/s00244-012-9832-x. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
Twenty-three polychlorinated and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in water phase and particulate matters of 19 precipitation samples (18 snow samples and 1 rain sample) from different cities across eastern and central China collected in February 2010. The PFCs in samples of 9e precipitation events during more than half a year at 1 site in Tianjin and 6 successive samples during 1 precipitation event were measured to elucidate the change of PFC in precipitation. In addition, PFCs in 3 runoffs at different kinds of sites in Tianjin were compared with those in the corresponding precipitation. The results showed that the particulate matters separated from the precipitation contained undetectable PFCs. The total PFC concentration ranged between 4.7 and 152 ng L(-1) in water phase of the precipitation samples, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being detected at all of the sampling sites and the dominant PFC at most of the sampling sites. Some potential precursors of environmentally concerned PFCs and their degradation intermediates were measured simultaneously, among which 6:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (6:2 FTUCA), 8:2 FTUCA, and × (3, 4, 5, 7):3 acid [F(CF(2))xCH(2)CH(2)COOH] were measured for the first time in Chinese precipitations; however, their concentrations were all lower than the limits of detection except that 6:2 FTUCA and 8:2 FTUCA could be detected in 3 and 8 precipitation samples, respectively. No clear seasonal variation in PFC concentrations in precipitation was observed during half a year; however, a relatively greater average concentration of total PFCs was observed during winter and summer compared with spring. The concentration of individual PFCs showed an obvious descending trend in the successive samples of the precipitation event. PFOA and perfluorononanoic acid in runoffs collected from different sites showed the following similar pattern-gas station > highway > university campus-whereas the other detected PFCs had no concurrent trend.
2010 年 2 月，在中国东部和中部不同城市采集了 19 个降水样本（18 个雪样本和 1 个雨样本），研究了水中相和颗粒物中的 23 种多氯和全氟化合物（PFCs）。在天津的一个地点进行了超过半年的 9e 降水事件的样品测量，以及在 1 次降水事件中连续测量了 6 个样品，以阐明降水过程中 PFC 的变化。此外，还比较了天津不同类型地点的 3 个径流中的 PFC 与相应降水的 PFC。结果表明，从降水中分离出来的颗粒物中不含可检测到的 PFCs。降水样品水相中总 PFC 浓度范围为 4.7-152ng/L，所有采样点均检测到全氟辛酸（PFOA），而且大多数采样点的主要 PFC 也是 PFOA。同时测量了一些环境关注的 PFC 的潜在前体及其降解中间体，其中 6:2 氟代telomer 不饱和羧酸（6:2 FTUCA）、8:2 FTUCA 和 ×（3,4,5,7）：3 酸 [F（CF2）xCH2CH2COOH] 是首次在中国降水样本中测量到；然而，除了 6:2 FTUCA 和 8:2 FTUCA 分别可以在 3 个和 8 个降水样本中检测到外，它们的浓度均低于检测限。在半年的时间里，降水样本中的 PFC 浓度没有明显的季节性变化；然而，与春季相比，冬季和夏季的总 PFC 浓度相对较高。降水事件的连续样品中，个别 PFC 的浓度呈明显下降趋势。从不同地点采集的径流中的 PFOA 和全氟壬酸表现出以下类似的模式-气站>公路>大学校园-而其他检测到的 PFC 则没有这种趋势。
