Abu Kasim Noor Hayaty, Govindasamy Vijayendran, Gnanasegaran Nareshwaran, Musa Sabri, Pradeep Padmaja Jayaprasad, Srijaya Thekkeparambil Chandrabose, Aziz Zeti Adura Che Ab
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hygieia Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Lot 1G-2G, Lanai Complex No.2, Persiaran Seri Perdana, Percint 10, Federal Territory of Putrajaya, Malaysia.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2015 Dec;9(12):E252-66. doi: 10.1002/term.1663. Epub 2012 Dec 10.
The discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from a myriad of tissues has triggered the initiative of establishing tailor-made stem cells for disease-specific therapy. Nevertheless, lack of understanding on the inherent differential propensities of these cells may restrict their clinical outcome. Therefore, a comprehensive study was done to compare the proliferation, differentiation, expression of cell surface markers and gene profiling of stem cells isolated from different sources, viz. bone marrow, Wharton's jelly, adipose tissue and dental pulp. We found that although all MSCs were phenotypically similar to each other, Wharton's jelly (WJ) MSCs and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were highly proliferative as compared to bone marrow (BM) MSCs and adipose tissue (AD) MSCs. Moreover, indistinguishable cell surface characteristics and differentiation capacity were confirmed to be similar among all cell types. Based on gene expression profiling, we postulate that BM-MSCs constitutively expressed genes related to inflammation and immunodulation, whereas genes implicated in tissue development were highly expressed in AD-MSCs. Furthermore, the transcriptome profiling of WJ-MSCs and DPSCs revealed an inherent bias towards the neuro-ectoderm lineage. Based on our findings, we believe that there is no unique master mesenchymal stem cell that is appropriate to treat all target diseases. More precisely, MSCs from different sources exhibit distinct and unique gene expression signatures that make them competent to give rise to specific lineages rather than others. Therefore, stem cells should be subjected to rigorous characterization and utmost vigilance needs to be adopted in order to choose the best cellular source for a particular disease.
从多种组织中发现间充质干细胞（MSCs）引发了为疾病特异性治疗建立量身定制干细胞的倡议。然而，对这些细胞固有差异倾向的了解不足可能会限制其临床疗效。因此，我们进行了一项全面研究，以比较从不同来源分离的干细胞的增殖、分化、细胞表面标志物表达和基因谱，这些来源包括骨髓、脐带华通氏胶、脂肪组织和牙髓。我们发现，尽管所有间充质干细胞在表型上彼此相似，但与骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）和脂肪组织间充质干细胞（AD-MSCs）相比，脐带华通氏胶间充质干细胞（WJ-MSCs）和牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）具有更高的增殖能力。此外，所有细胞类型之间的细胞表面特征和分化能力经证实是相似的。基于基因表达谱分析，我们推测BM-MSCs组成性表达与炎症和免疫调节相关的基因，而与组织发育相关的基因在AD-MSCs中高表达。此外，WJ-MSCs和DPSCs的转录组分析显示其对神经外胚层谱系存在固有偏向。基于我们的研究结果，我们认为不存在适用于治疗所有目标疾病的独特主间充质干细胞。更确切地说，来自不同来源的间充质干细胞表现出独特且独特的基因表达特征，这使得它们有能力分化为特定谱系而非其他谱系。因此，干细胞应经过严格表征，并且在为特定疾病选择最佳细胞来源时需要格外谨慎。
