Institut d'Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Spain.
Environ Manage. 2013 Jan;51(1):225-40. doi: 10.1007/s00267-012-9986-3. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
Identifying and quantifying the key anthropogenic nutrient input sources are essential to adopting management measures that can target input for maximum effect in controlling the phytoplankton biomass. In this study, three systems characterized by distinctive main nutrient sources were sampled along a Mediterranean coast transect. These sources were groundwater discharge in the Ahuir area, the Serpis river discharge in the Venecia area, and a submarine wastewater outfall 1,900 m from the coast. The study area includes factors considered important in determining a coastal area as a sensitive area: it has significant nutrient sources, tourism is a major source of income in the region, and it includes an area of high water residence time (Venecia area) which is affected by the harbor facilities and by wastewater discharges. We found that in the Ahuir and the submarine wastewater outfall areas, the effects of freshwater inputs were reduced because of a greater water exchange with the oligotrophic Mediterranean waters. On the other hand, in the Venecia area, the highest levels of nutrient concentration and phytoplankton biomass were attributed to the greatest water residence time. In this enclosed area, harmful dinoflagellates were detected (Alexandrium sp. and Dinophysis caudata). If the planned enlargement of the Gandia Harbor proceeds, it may increase the vulnerability of this system and provide the proper conditions of confinement for the dinoflagellate blooms' development. Management measures should first target phosphorus inputs as this is the most potential-limiting nutrient in the Venecia area and comes from a point source that is easier to control. Finally, we recommend that harbor environmental management plans include regular monitoring of water quality in adjacent waters to identify adverse phytoplankton community changes.
确定和量化人为营养物的主要输入源对于采取管理措施至关重要，这些措施可以针对输入源进行最大程度的控制，以控制浮游植物生物量。在本研究中，沿着地中海沿岸的一条横断带采集了三个具有独特主要营养源特征的系统。这些来源是 Ahuir 地区的地下水排放、Venecia 地区的 Serpis 河排放以及距海岸 1900 米的海底污水排放口。研究区域包括被认为是确定沿海地区为敏感地区的重要因素：它有重要的营养源，旅游业是该地区的主要收入来源，并且包括一个高水停留时间的区域（Venecia 地区），该区域受到港口设施和污水排放的影响。我们发现，在 Ahuir 和海底污水排放口地区，由于与贫营养地中海海水的更大水交换，淡水输入的影响降低了。另一方面，在 Venecia 地区，最高的营养浓度和浮游植物生物量归因于最长的水停留时间。在这个封闭的区域，检测到了有害的甲藻（亚历山大藻和旋沟藻）。如果 Gandia 港的扩建计划继续进行，可能会增加该系统的脆弱性，并为甲藻大量繁殖的发展提供适当的封闭条件。管理措施应首先针对磷的输入，因为磷是 Venecia 地区最具潜在限制的营养物，并且来自更容易控制的点源。最后，我们建议港口环境管理计划包括定期监测邻近水域的水质，以识别不良浮游植物群落变化。
