Darbra R M, Pittam N, Royston K A, Darbra J P, Journee H
EcoPorts Foundation, De Ruijterkade 7, 1013AA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Mar;90(3):1396-403. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.010. Epub 2008 Oct 16.
A group of 26 European ports was interviewed to understand their requirements for environmental information and to establish how widespread the use of Earth Observation (EO) data was amongst them. Aspects covered by the research included port profile characterisation, environmental management activities, environmental needs and current monitoring practices. The study reflected the diversity amongst European ports and their environmental performances. Most of the ports were publicly owned and located in estuaries and rivers. General cargo was the most popular commodity handled. Practically all the ports had an environmental policy in place and half of them had been accredited by an external body. The main environmental parameters that ports required to be monitored were marine related issues (currents, waves and tide), water quality, meteorological parameters, turbidity and sediment processes. The principal driver for monitoring was maintaining key port operations, followed by legislation, and local responsibilities. Ports in general collected their own data in situ and only one-third had used remotely sensed data (data from Earth Observation satellites or from airplane mounted sensors) for environmental purposes. Half of them used computer modelling. This study was conducted within the framework of the European funded port environmental information collector project (PEARL).
研究人员走访了26个欧洲港口，以了解它们对环境信息的需求，并确定地球观测（EO）数据在这些港口中的使用普及程度。该研究涵盖的方面包括港口概况描述、环境管理活动、环境需求以及当前的监测实践。这项研究反映了欧洲港口及其环境绩效的多样性。大多数港口为公有，位于河口和河流区域。普通货物是最主要的装卸商品。几乎所有港口都制定了环境政策，其中一半已获得外部机构的认证。港口需要监测的主要环境参数是与海洋相关的问题（海流、海浪和潮汐）、水质、气象参数、浊度和泥沙过程。监测的主要驱动力是维持港口关键运营，其次是法规要求和地方责任。一般来说，港口会自行现场收集数据，只有三分之一的港口出于环境目的使用过遥感数据（来自地球观测卫星或机载传感器的数据）。其中一半使用计算机建模。这项研究是在欧洲资助的港口环境信息收集项目（PEARL）框架内开展的。
