Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
J Ovarian Res. 2012 Dec 13;5(1):44. doi: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-44.
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer among women and causes more deaths than any other type of female reproductive cancer. Currently, treatment of ovarian cancer is based on the combination of surgery and chemotherapy. While recurrent ovarian cancer responds to additional chemotherapy treatments, the progression-free interval becomes shorter after each cycle, as chemo-resistance increases until the disease becomes incurable. There is, therefore, a strong need for prognostic and predictive markers to help optimize and personalize treatment in order to improve the outcome of ovarian cancer. An increasing number of studies indicate an essential role for microRNAs in ovarian cancer progression and chemo-resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs (~22bp) which are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Typically, miRNAs are involved in crucial biological processes, including development, differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. Two families of miRNAs, miR-200 and let-7, are frequently dysregulated in ovarian cancer and have been associated with poor prognosis. Both have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a cellular transition associated with tumor aggressiveness, tumor invasion and chemo-resistance. Moreover, miRNAs also have possible implications for improving cancer diagnosis; for example miR-200 family, let-7 family, miR-21 and miR-214 may be useful in diagnostic tests to help detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. Additionally, the use of multiple target O-modified antagomirs (MTG-AMO) to inhibit oncogenic miRNAs and miRNA replacement therapy for tumor suppressor miRNAs are essential tools for miRNA based cancer therapeutics. In this review we describe the current status of the role miRNAs play in ovarian cancer and focus on the possibilities of microRNA-based therapies and the use of microRNAs as diagnostic tools.
卵巢癌是女性中第五种最常见的癌症，其死亡率高于任何其他女性生殖系统癌症。目前，卵巢癌的治疗基于手术和化疗的结合。虽然复发性卵巢癌对额外的化疗治疗有反应，但随着化疗耐药性的增加，每个周期的无进展间隔变得更短，直到疾病变得无法治愈。因此，强烈需要预后和预测标志物来帮助优化和个性化治疗，以改善卵巢癌的结果。越来越多的研究表明，microRNAs 在卵巢癌进展和化疗耐药性中起着重要作用。microRNAs (miRNAs) 是小的内源性非编码 RNA（~22bp），在癌症中经常失调。通常，miRNAs 参与关键的生物学过程，包括发育、分化、凋亡和增殖。miR-200 和 let-7 这两个 miRNA 家族在卵巢癌中经常失调，并与不良预后相关。两者都与上皮间质转化的调节有关，上皮间质转化是与肿瘤侵袭性、肿瘤侵袭和化疗耐药性相关的细胞转化。此外，miRNAs 也可能对改善癌症诊断有意义；例如，miR-200 家族、let-7 家族、miR-21 和 miR-214 可能有助于在早期诊断卵巢癌的诊断测试中使用。此外，使用多种靶向 O 修饰反义寡核苷酸（MTG-AMO）抑制致癌 miRNA 和肿瘤抑制 miRNA 的 miRNA 替代疗法是 miRNA 为基础的癌症治疗的重要工具。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 miRNA 在卵巢癌中的作用的现状，并重点介绍了基于 miRNA 的治疗和 miRNA 作为诊断工具的可能性。
