Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2012 Dec;12(12):1411-7; quiz 1418. doi: 10.1586/ern.12.90.
Myoclonic seizures are sudden, brief, shock-like contractions that can vary in distribution and intensity. They may be present in different epilepsy syndromes, including some idiopathic generalized epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathies and progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Despite the fact that there are many studies about the pathophysiology of myoclonic seizures and clear descriptions of the different myoclonic epilepsy syndromes, relatively little has been written on treatment. Valproate and some benzodiazepines are widely used to treat myoclonic seizures. In addition, more treatment options exist today as there is emerging evidence to support the efficacy of some newer antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, some myoclonic epilepsies remain refractory to drug treatment and some antiepileptic drugs may exacerbate or even induce myoclonus. In the coming years, better understanding of mechanisms of myoclonic seizures and myoclonic epilepsies could result in great improvement of therapy and the quality of life of patients.
肌阵挛性癫痫发作是突然的、短暂的、类似电击的收缩，其分布和强度可能不同。它们可能存在于不同的癫痫综合征中，包括一些特发性全面性癫痫、癫痫性脑病和进行性肌阵挛性癫痫。尽管有许多关于肌阵挛性癫痫发作的病理生理学的研究，并且对不同的肌阵挛性癫痫综合征有明确的描述，但关于治疗的研究相对较少。丙戊酸盐和一些苯二氮䓬类药物被广泛用于治疗肌阵挛性癫痫发作。此外，由于有新的证据支持一些新型抗癫痫药物的疗效，现在有更多的治疗选择。另一方面，一些肌阵挛性癫痫对药物治疗仍有抗性，一些抗癫痫药物可能会加重甚至诱发肌阵挛。在未来几年，对肌阵挛性癫痫发作和肌阵挛性癫痫的机制的更好理解可能会极大地改善治疗和患者的生活质量。
