Lukács E, Magyari B, Tóth L, Petrási Zs, Repa I, Koller A, Horváth Iván
University of Pécs Heart Institute, Medical School Pécs Hungary.
Acta Physiol Hung. 2012 Dec;99(4):365-81. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.99.2012.4.1.
There are several experimental models for the in vivo investigation of myocardial infarction (MI) in small (mouse, rat) and large animals (dog, pig, sheep and baboons). The application of large animal models raises ethical concerns, the design of experiments needs longer follow-up times, requiring proper breeding and housing conditions, therefore resulting in higher cost, than in vitro or small animal studies. On the other hand, the relevance of large animal models is very important, since they mostly resemble to human physiological and pathophysiological processes. The first main difference among MI models is the method of induction (open or closed chest, e.g. surgical or catheter based); the second main difference is the presence or absence of reperfusion. The former (i.e. reperfused MI) allows the investigation of reperfusion injury and new catheter based techniques during percutaneous coronary interventions, while the latter (i.e. nonreperfused MI) serves as a traditional coronary occlusion model, to test the effects of new pharmacological agents and biological therapies, as cell therapy. The reperfused and nonreperfused myocardial infarction has different outcomes, regarding left ventricular function, remodelling, subsequent heart failure, aneurysm formation and mortality. Our aim was to review the literature and report our findings regarding experimental MI models, regarding the differences among species, methods, reproducibility and interpretation.
有几种用于在小型（小鼠、大鼠）和大型动物（狗、猪、绵羊和狒狒）体内研究心肌梗死（MI）的实验模型。与体外或小型动物研究相比，大型动物模型的应用引发了伦理问题，实验设计需要更长的随访时间，需要适当的饲养和圈养条件，因此成本更高。另一方面，大型动物模型的相关性非常重要，因为它们大多类似于人类的生理和病理生理过程。MI模型之间的第一个主要区别是诱导方法（开胸或闭胸，例如手术或基于导管的）；第二个主要区别是是否存在再灌注。前者（即再灌注MI）允许在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗期间研究再灌注损伤和新的基于导管的技术，而后者（即非再灌注MI）用作传统的冠状动脉闭塞模型，以测试新药理学药物和生物疗法（如细胞疗法）的效果。再灌注和非再灌注心肌梗死在左心室功能、重塑、随后的心力衰竭、动脉瘤形成和死亡率方面有不同的结果。我们的目的是回顾文献并报告我们关于实验性MI模型的发现，包括物种、方法、可重复性和解释方面的差异。
