Decision Information Resources, Houston, Texas 77098, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2013 Sep;49(9):1763-74. doi: 10.1037/a0030978. Epub 2012 Dec 17.
The experiment reported here tested impacts of New Hope, an employment-based poverty intervention for adults on developmental patterns of children's participation in structured out-of-school activities, using a cross-sequential design spanning ages 6 through 19. New Hope increased participation in activities (lessons, sports, religious, clubs, community centers, service). Its effects did not vary significantly across age, time of measurement, or gender, lasting well beyond parents' eligibility for program benefits. Overall participation peaked in early adolescence, declining thereafter. Policies that enhance participation during middle childhood may have long-term benefits because structured activities can provide opportunities for skill development and adult supervision that may be especially useful for children from low-income families.
本研究采用跨序列设计，对一项基于就业的成人减贫干预措施“新希望”进行测试，以检验其对儿童参与校外结构化活动发展模式的影响，研究对象年龄跨度为 6 岁至 19 岁。新希望增加了活动（课程、运动、宗教、俱乐部、社区中心、服务）的参与度。其效果在年龄、测量时间或性别方面没有显著差异，并且持续时间远远超过了父母获得项目福利的资格期限。总体参与度在青少年早期达到峰值，此后逐渐下降。在儿童中期增强参与度的政策可能会产生长期效益，因为结构化活动可以提供技能发展和成人监督的机会，这对于来自低收入家庭的儿童可能特别有用。
