Endocrinology Section, Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Jan;139:294-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 14.
Women have always looked for non-hormonal options to alleviate menopausal vasomotor symptoms and prevent menopausal bone loss. The use of complementary and alternative medicine for these purposes has particularly increased after the publication of the Women's Health Initiative's results suggesting that there might be more risks than benefits with hormone replacement. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived estrogens that, although less potent than estradiol, bind to the estrogen receptor and can function as estrogen agonists or antagonists. Soy isoflavones extracted from soy are the phytoestrogens most commonly used by menopausal women. Because typical Western diets are low in phytoestrogens and taking into account the general difficulty in changing dietary habits, most clinical trials in Western women have used isoflavone-fortified foods or isoflavone tablets. Although some women might experience a reduction in the frequency or severity of hot flashes, most studies point towards the lack of effectiveness of isoflavones derived from soy or red clover, even in large doses, in the prevention of hot flashes and menopausal bone loss. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
女性一直在寻找非激素选择来缓解更年期血管舒缩症状并预防更年期骨质流失。在妇女健康倡议的结果公布后，这些目的的补充和替代医学的使用尤其增加，该结果表明激素替代可能存在更多风险而不是益处。植物雌激素是植物来源的雌激素，尽管不如雌二醇有效，但与雌激素受体结合，并且可以作为雌激素激动剂或拮抗剂发挥作用。从大豆中提取的大豆异黄酮是绝经后妇女最常用的植物雌激素。由于典型的西方饮食中植物雌激素含量低，并且考虑到改变饮食习惯的普遍困难，因此西方女性的大多数临床试验都使用了富含异黄酮的食物或异黄酮片剂。尽管一些女性可能会减少热潮红的频率或严重程度，但大多数研究表明，即使大剂量使用，源自大豆或红三叶草的异黄酮在预防热潮红和更年期骨质流失方面也缺乏有效性。本文是专题“植物雌激素”的一部分。
