Center for Strategic Health Innovation, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2012 Dec;13(2):209-22. doi: 10.1017/S1466252312000199.
The exponential expansion of the human population has led to overexploitation of resources and overproduction of items that have caused a series of potentially devastating effects, including ocean acidification, ozone depletion, biodiversity loss, the spread of invasive flora and fauna and climatic changes - along with the emergence of new diseases in animals and humans. Climate change occurs as a result of imbalances between incoming and outgoing radiation in the atmosphere. This process generates heat. As concentrations of atmospheric gases reach record levels, global temperatures are expected to increase significantly. The hydrologic cycle will be altered, since warmer air can retain more moisture than cooler air. This means that some geographic areas will have more rainfall, whereas others have more drought and severe weather. The potential consequences of significant and permanent climatic changes are altered patterns of diseases in animal and human populations, including the emergence of new disease syndromes and changes in the prevalence of existing diseases. A wider geographic distribution of known vectors and the recruitment of new strains to the vector pool could result in infections spreading to more and potentially new species of hosts. If these predictions turn out to be accurate, there will be a need for policymakers to consider alternatives, such as adaptation. This review explores the linkages between climate change and animal diseases, and examines interrelated issues that arise from altered biological dynamics. Its aim is to consider various risks and vulnerabilities and to make the case for policies favoring adaptation.
人口的指数级增长导致资源过度开发和物品过度生产，造成了一系列潜在的破坏性影响，包括海洋酸化、臭氧层消耗、生物多样性丧失、外来动植物的扩散以及气候变化——同时也导致了动物和人类新疾病的出现。气候变化是由于大气中辐射收支不平衡造成的。这一过程会产生热量。随着大气气体浓度达到创纪录水平，预计全球温度将大幅上升。水文循环将发生变化，因为较暖的空气比较冷空气能保留更多的水分。这意味着一些地理区域的降雨量会增加，而其他地区则会出现更多的干旱和恶劣天气。重大和永久性气候变化的潜在后果是动物和人类种群中疾病模式的改变，包括新疾病综合征的出现以及现有疾病流行率的变化。已知病媒的地理分布范围更广，以及新菌株被招募到病媒库中，可能导致感染传播到更多、潜在的新宿主物种。如果这些预测被证明是准确的，政策制定者将需要考虑替代方案，例如适应。本综述探讨了气候变化与动物疾病之间的联系，并研究了生物动力学变化所产生的相关问题。其目的是考虑各种风险和脆弱性，并为支持适应的政策提出理由。
