Division of Rheumatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2012 Dec;15(6):499-506. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12010. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
Diet plays a significant role in the development of gout and hyperuricemia. Gout and hyperuricemia have likewise been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Epidemiological studies have shown that certain foods influence levels of serum uric acid and the risk for development of gout.This article reviews the influence of dietary factors on serum uric acid levels and risk of gout, as well as the role of urate transporters in the development of hyperuricemia and gout.Various epidemiological studies have shown the effects of certain foods on the risk of developing gout and hyperuricemia. Low-fat dairy products, purine-rich vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, and less sugary fruits, coffee and vitamin C supplements decrease the risk, whereas intake of red meat, fructose-containing beverages and alcohol increase the risk of gout. There is also an increased although basic understanding of the effects of vitamin C, alcohol and fructose on urate transporters. Certain foods can lead to a decreased or increased risk of development of gout and hyperuricemia. Advances have established the interplay of certain foods on urate transporters and renal handling of urate. More studies, especially prospective ones, are needed to increase our understanding of the roles of foods and urate transporters and other molecular mechanisms on the risk of developing gout and hyperuricemia.
饮食在痛风和高尿酸血症的发生发展中起着重要作用。痛风和高尿酸血症同样与心血管疾病和代谢综合征的发生有关。流行病学研究表明，某些食物会影响血清尿酸水平和痛风发生的风险。本文综述了饮食因素对血清尿酸水平和痛风风险的影响，以及尿酸转运体在高尿酸血症和痛风发生发展中的作用。多项流行病学研究表明，某些食物会影响痛风和高尿酸血症的发病风险。低脂乳制品、富含嘌呤的蔬菜、全谷物、坚果和豆类以及含糖量较低的水果、咖啡和维生素 C 补充剂可降低风险，而摄入红肉、含果糖的饮料和酒精会增加痛风的风险。此外，人们对维生素 C、酒精和果糖对尿酸转运体的影响也有了一定的基本了解。某些食物可能会降低或增加痛风和高尿酸血症的发病风险。目前已经确定了某些食物对尿酸转运体和肾脏尿酸处理的相互作用。需要更多的研究，特别是前瞻性研究，来增加我们对食物和尿酸转运体以及其他分子机制在痛风和高尿酸血症发病风险中的作用的理解。
