Sliwinska-Kowalska Mariola, Davis Adrian
Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Noise Health. 2012 Nov-Dec;14(61):274-80. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.104893.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) still remains a problem in developed countries, despite reduced occupational noise exposure, strict standards for hearing protection and extensive public health awareness campaigns. Therefore NIHL continues to be the focus of noise research activities. This paper summarizes progress achieved recently in our knowledge of NIHL. It includes papers published between the years 2008-2011 (in English), which were identified by a literature search of accessible medical and other relevant databases. A substantial part of this research has been concerned with the risk of NIHL in the entertainment sector, particularly in professional, orchestral musicians. There are also constant concerns regarding noise exposure and hearing risk in "hard to control" occupations, such as farming and construction work. Although occupational noise has decreased since the early 1980s, the number of young people subject to social noise exposure has tripled. If the exposure limits from the Noise at Work Regulations are applied, discotheque music, rock concerts, as well as music from personal music players are associated with the risk of hearing loss in teenagers and young adults. Several recent research studies have increased the understanding of the pathomechanisms of acoustic trauma, the genetics of NIHL, as well as possible dietary and pharmacologic otoprotection in acoustic trauma. The results of these studies are very promising and offer grounds to expect that targeted therapies might help prevent the loss of sensory hair cells and protect the hearing of noise-exposed individuals. These studies emphasize the need to launch an improved noise exposure policy for hearing protection along with developing more efficient norms of NIHL risk assessment.
尽管职业噪声暴露有所减少、听力保护标准严格且开展了广泛的公众健康宣传活动，但噪声性听力损失（NIHL）在发达国家仍是一个问题。因此，NIHL仍然是噪声研究活动的重点。本文总结了我们最近在NIHL知识方面取得的进展。它包括2008年至2011年期间发表的英文论文，这些论文是通过对可访问的医学和其他相关数据库进行文献检索确定的。这项研究的很大一部分关注娱乐行业中NIHL的风险，特别是在专业管弦乐音乐家中。对于农业和建筑工作等“难以控制”的职业中的噪声暴露和听力风险也一直存在担忧。自20世纪80年代初以来，尽管职业噪声有所下降，但遭受社会噪声暴露的年轻人数量增加了两倍。如果应用《工作场所噪声条例》中的暴露限值，迪斯科音乐、摇滚音乐会以及个人音乐播放器中的音乐都与青少年和年轻人的听力损失风险有关。最近的几项研究增进了对声创伤病理机制、NIHL遗传学以及声创伤中可能的饮食和药物耳保护的理解。这些研究结果非常有前景，有理由期望靶向治疗可能有助于防止感觉毛细胞的损失并保护噪声暴露个体的听力。这些研究强调需要推出改进的听力保护噪声暴露政策，并制定更有效的NIHL风险评估规范。
