Carrette Teresa J, Underwood Avril H, Seymour Jamie E
School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Australia.
Diving Hyperb Med. 2012 Dec;42(4):214-23.
Irukandji syndrome is a poorly defined set of symptoms that occur after envenoming by certain species of jellyfish, primarily cubozoans or 'box jellyfish'. Envenomed victims can show symptoms ranging from headaches, severe pain, nausea and vomiting to pulmonary oedema, cardiac failure and severe hypertension resulting in death. Historically, this syndrome appears to have been misdiagnosed and reported cases are undoubtedly a significant underestimation of the prevalence of this syndrome. The variation in symptoms has resulted in a myriad of treatments though none has been established as definitive. Effective pain relief with opioids is the most immediate priority. Although the annual numbers of envenomations are generally low, the associated financial costs of this envenomation may be comparatively high, with suggestions that it could run to millions of dollars per season in northern Australia alone. The syndrome has been well documented from many areas along the east coast of northern Australia, leading to the belief that it is an Australian oddity. However, with an increase in medical knowledge and improved diagnosis of the condition, it appears that envenomations causing Irukandji syndrome are an increasing marine problem worldwide.
伊鲁坎吉综合征是一组定义尚不明确的症状，由某些种类的水母蜇伤后引发，主要是立方水母纲或“箱型水母”。被蜇伤的受害者可能出现从头痛、剧痛、恶心呕吐到肺水肿、心力衰竭和严重高血压甚至死亡等一系列症状。从历史上看，该综合征似乎一直被误诊，报告的病例无疑严重低估了这种综合征的患病率。症状的多样性导致了各种各样的治疗方法，但尚无一种被确认为 definitive。立即使用阿片类药物有效缓解疼痛是最紧迫的优先事项。虽然每年被蜇伤的人数总体较少，但这种蜇伤相关的经济成本可能相对较高，有人认为仅在澳大利亚北部，每个季节的成本就可能高达数百万美元。该综合征在澳大利亚北部东海岸的许多地区都有详细记录，这使得人们认为它是澳大利亚特有的现象。然而，随着医学知识的增加和对该病症诊断的改善，看来导致伊鲁坎吉综合征的蜇伤在全球范围内正成为一个日益严重的海洋问题。
