Niranjan Ajay, Lunsford L Dade
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Prog Neurol Surg. 2013;27:1-4. doi: 10.1159/000341608. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
Stereotactic radiosurgery was first described by Leksell in Stockholm, Sweden in 1951. In 1967, Leksell introduced the 'Gamma Knife' for clinical use in carefully selected patients. A major role for radiosurgery further emerged in 1972 after its application for brain arteriovenous malformations. Radiosurgery was initially used for high risk or deep seated AVMs that were unsuitable for resection or embolization. Several additional pioneers contributed towards its continued development. Stereotactic radiosurgery is now considered as an important option for patients with brain vascular malformations, including AVMs, cavernous malformations, and dural AV fistulas.
立体定向放射外科手术最早由瑞典斯德哥尔摩的莱克塞尔于1951年描述。1967年，莱克塞尔将“伽玛刀”引入临床，用于精心挑选的患者。1972年，放射外科手术在应用于脑动静脉畸形后，其重要作用进一步显现。放射外科手术最初用于那些不适合切除或栓塞的高风险或深部动静脉畸形。还有几位先驱为其持续发展做出了贡献。如今，立体定向放射外科手术被视为患有脑血管畸形（包括动静脉畸形、海绵状畸形和硬脑膜动静脉瘘）患者的重要选择。
